Kalassarian
Phonology
Section titled “Phonology”Vowel System
Section titled “Vowel System”| Short | Long |
|---|---|
| i | iː |
| e | eː |
| a | aː |
| o | oː |
| u | uː |
- Diphthongs: ae, au, ei, eu
- Length is phonemic
- Unstressed vowel reduction rare (unlike Seneran)
Consonant System
Section titled “Consonant System”| Labial | Dental | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stops | p b | t d | k g | |
| Fricatives | f | s | h | |
| Nasals | m | n | ||
| Liquids | l r | |||
| Glides | w | j |
Syllable Structure
Section titled “Syllable Structure”- (C)(C)V(C)(C)
- Heavy syllables: CVː, CVN, CVC
- Light syllables: CV
- Stress determined by weight
Morphology
Section titled “Morphology”Noun Cases
Section titled “Noun Cases”- Nominative (-us, -a, -um)
- Accusative (-um, -am, -um)
- Genitive (-i, -ae, -i)
- Dative (-o, -ae, -o)
- Ablative (-o, -a, -o)
Declension Example
Section titled “Declension Example”First Declension (fem. -a) : porta (nom.) “port” : portam (acc.) : portae (gen.) : portae (dat.) : porta (abl.)
Second Declension (masc. -us) : ritmus (nom.) “ritual” : ritmum (acc.) : ritmi (gen.) : ritmo (dat.) : ritmo (abl.)
Verb System
Section titled “Verb System”Tenses
Section titled “Tenses”- Present: -o, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt
- Perfect: -i, -isti, -it, -imus, -istis, -erunt
- Future: -bo/-am, -bis/-es, -bit/-et
- Imperfect: -bam, -bas, -bat
Conjugation Example
Section titled “Conjugation Example”porto “I carry” : Present: porto, portas, portat, portamus, portatis, portant : Perfect: portavi, portavisti, portavit… : Future: portabo, portabis, portabit…
ritmo “I perform ritual” : Present: ritmo, ritmas, ritmat, ritmamus, ritmatis, ritmant : Perfect: ritmavi, ritmavisti, ritmavit…
Word Formation
Section titled “Word Formation”Suffixes
Section titled “Suffixes”- -anus: relating to (silvanus “of the forest”)
- -arius: occupation (ritmarius “ritual specialist”)
- -ensis: place of origin (portensis “of the port”)
- -icus: characteristic (ritmicus “ritual-like”)
Compounds
Section titled “Compounds”- Noun+Noun: silvaporta “forest gate”
- Adj+Noun: altamontis “high mountain”
- Noun+Verb: ritmafacio “perform ritual”
Basic Vocabulary
Section titled “Basic Vocabulary”Geographic Terms
Section titled “Geographic Terms”portus [por.tus] : “port, harbor”
surrata [sur.ra.ta] : “safe harbor, protected landing”
tonum [to.num] : “settlement, established place”
burrium [bur.ri.um] : “fortified place, stronghold”
terra [ter.ra] : “earth, land”
mons [mons] : “mountain” : pl. montes
flumen [flu.men] : “river” : pl. flumina
insula [in.su.la] : “island”
vallis [wal.lis] : “valley”
Animal Classification
Section titled “Animal Classification”cervus [ker.wus] : “deer (genus)”
ursus [ur.sus] : “bear (genus)”
canis [ka.nis] : “wolf, dog (genus)”
aquilus [a.kwi.lus] : “eagle”
larus [la.rus] : “seabird, gull”
Descriptive Terms
Section titled “Descriptive Terms”altorus [al.to.rus] : “highland, mountainous”
paluster [pa.lus.ter] : “marshy, wetland”
terrenus [ter.re.nus] : “earthen, of the earth”
silvanus [sil.wa.nus] : “forested, of the forest”
montanus [mon.ta.nus] : “mountainous, of the mountains”
maritimus [ma.ri.ti.mus] : “maritime, of the sea”
Weather and Sky Terms
Section titled “Weather and Sky Terms”caelus [kae.lus] : “sky, heavens”
ventus [wen.tus] : “wind”
pluvia [plu.wi.a] : “rain”
tempestas [tem.pes.tas] : “storm, weather”
Time and Season Terms
Section titled “Time and Season Terms”aestas [aes.tas] : “summer”
hiems [hi.ems] : “winter”
vernus [wer.nus] : “spring”
autumnus [au.tum.nus] : “autumn”
Human Settlements
Section titled “Human Settlements”vicus [wi.kus] : “village”
urbs [urbs] : “city”
via [wi.a] : “road, way”
pons [pons] : “bridge” : pl. pontes
Political Terms
Section titled “Political Terms”imperium [im.pe.ri.um] : “command, empire”
senatus [se.na.tus] : “council, senate”
provincia [pro.win.ki.a] : “province”
Military Terms
Section titled “Military Terms”legio [le.gi.o] : “legion”
castrum [kas.trum] : “fort” : pl. castra “military camp”
bellum [bel.lum] : “war”
Trade Terms
Section titled “Trade Terms”mercator [mer.ka.tor] : “merchant”
forum [fo.rum] : “marketplace”
pretium [pre.ti.um] : “price, value”
Religious and Ritual Terms
Section titled “Religious and Ritual Terms”sacerdos [sa.ker.dos] : “priest”
templum [tem.plum] : “temple”
auspicium [aus.pi.ki.um] : “divination, omen”
Academic and Magical Terms
Section titled “Academic and Magical Terms”ritma [rit.ma] : “systematic magical practice, formal methodology” : From earlier *ritus-ma “ritual method”
ritus [ri.tus] : “ritual, formal procedure”
planar [pla.nar] : “of the planes, dimensional”
proficientia [pro.fi.ki.en.ti.a] : “mastery, skill level” : Modern Seneran: proficence
Compound Terms
Section titled “Compound Terms”ritmaticus [rit.ma.ti.kus] : “one who studies or practices ritma”
Extended Vocabulary
Section titled “Extended Vocabulary”Trade and Commerce Terms
Section titled “Trade and Commerce Terms”negotium [ne.go.ti.um] : “business, trade”
merx [merks] : “goods, merchandise” : pl. merces
portitor [por.ti.tor] : “customs officer, toll collector”
taberna [ta.ber.na] : “shop, store”
nundinae [nun.di.nae] : “market day, fair”
pecunia [pe.ku.ni.a] : “money” (from earlier “cattle wealth”)
contractus [kon.trak.tus] : “agreement, contract”
vectigal [wek.ti.gal] : “tax, duty”
Agricultural Terms
Section titled “Agricultural Terms”ager [a.ger] : “field, farmland” : pl. agri
seges [se.ges] : “crop, grain field” : pl. segetes
hortus [hor.tus] : “garden”
vinea [wi.ne.a] : “vineyard”
arator [a.ra.tor] : “plowman, farmer”
messor [mes.sor] : “harvester”
frumentum [fru.men.tum] : “grain, wheat”
hordeum [hor.de.um] : “barley”
avena [a.we.na] : “oats”
Farming Tools
Section titled “Farming Tools”aratrum [a.ra.trum] : “plow”
falx [falks] : “sickle” : pl. falces
rastrum [ras.trum] : “rake, hoe” : pl. rastra
Animal Husbandry
Section titled “Animal Husbandry”pecus [pe.kus] : “livestock, cattle” : pl. pecora
grex [greks] : “herd, flock” : pl. greges
pastor [pas.tor] : “shepherd”
bubulcus [bu.bul.kus] : “cattle herder”