Kalassarian
Phonology
Section titled “Phonology”Vowel System
Section titled “Vowel System”| Short | Long |
|---|---|
| i | iː |
| e | eː |
| a | aː |
| o | oː |
| u | uː |
- Diphthongs: ae, au, ei, eu
- Length is phonemic
- Unstressed vowel reduction rare (unlike Seneran)
Consonant System
Section titled “Consonant System”| Labial | Dental | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stops | p b | t d | k g | |
| Fricatives | f | s | h | |
| Nasals | m | n | ||
| Liquids | l r | |||
| Glides | w | j |
Syllable Structure
Section titled “Syllable Structure”- (C)(C)V(C)(C)
- Heavy syllables: CVː, CVN, CVC
- Light syllables: CV
- Stress determined by weight
Morphology
Section titled “Morphology”Noun Cases
Section titled “Noun Cases”- Nominative (-us, -a, -um)
- Accusative (-um, -am, -um)
- Genitive (-i, -ae, -i)
- Dative (-o, -ae, -o)
- Ablative (-o, -a, -o)
Declension Example
Section titled “Declension Example”porta (nom.) “port”
portam (acc.)
portae (gen.)
portae (dat.)
porta (abl.)
ritmus (nom.) “ritual”
ritmum (acc.)
ritmi (gen.)
ritmo (dat.)
ritmo (abl.)
Verb System
Section titled “Verb System”Tenses
Section titled “Tenses”- Present: -o, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt
- Perfect: -i, -isti, -it, -imus, -istis, -erunt
- Future: -bo/-am, -bis/-es, -bit/-et
- Imperfect: -bam, -bas, -bat
Conjugation Example
Section titled “Conjugation Example”Present: porto, portas, portat, portamus, portatis, portant
Perfect: portavi, portavisti, portavit…
Future: portabo, portabis, portabit…
Present: ritmo, ritmas, ritmat, ritmamus, ritmatis, ritmant
Perfect: ritmavi, ritmavisti, ritmavit…
Word Formation
Section titled “Word Formation”Suffixes
Section titled “Suffixes”- -anus: relating to (silvanus “of the forest”)
- -arius: occupation (ritmarius “ritual specialist”)
- -ensis: place of origin (portensis “of the port”)
- -icus: characteristic (ritmicus “ritual-like”)
Compounds
Section titled “Compounds”- Noun+Noun: silvaporta “forest gate”
- Adj+Noun: altamontis “high mountain”
- Noun+Verb: ritmafacio “perform ritual”
Basic Vocabulary
Section titled “Basic Vocabulary”Geographic Terms
Section titled “Geographic Terms”“port, harbor”
“safe harbor, protected landing”
“settlement, established place”
“fortified place, stronghold”
“earth, land”
“mountain”
pl. montes
“river”
pl. flumina
“island”
“valley”
Animal Classification
Section titled “Animal Classification”“deer (genus)“
“bear (genus)“
“wolf, dog (genus)“
“eagle”
“seabird, gull”
Descriptive Terms
Section titled “Descriptive Terms”“highland, mountainous”
“marshy, wetland”
“earthen, of the earth”
“forested, of the forest”
“mountainous, of the mountains”
“maritime, of the sea”
Weather and Sky Terms
Section titled “Weather and Sky Terms”“sky, heavens”
“wind”
“rain”
“storm, weather”
Time and Season Terms
Section titled “Time and Season Terms”“summer”
“winter”
“spring”
“autumn”
Human Settlements
Section titled “Human Settlements”“village”
“city”
“road, way”
“bridge”
pl. pontes
Political Terms
Section titled “Political Terms”“command, empire”
“council, senate”
“province”
Military Terms
Section titled “Military Terms”“legion”
“fort”
pl. castra “military camp”
“war”
Trade Terms
Section titled “Trade Terms”“merchant”
“marketplace”
“price, value”
Religious and Ritual Terms
Section titled “Religious and Ritual Terms”“priest”
“temple”
“divination, omen”
Academic and Magical Terms
Section titled “Academic and Magical Terms”“systematic magical practice, formal methodology”
From earlier *ritus-ma “ritual method”
“ritual, formal procedure”
“of the planes, dimensional”
“mastery, skill level”
Modern Seneran: proficence
Compound Terms
Section titled “Compound Terms”“one who studies or practices ritma”
Extended Vocabulary
Section titled “Extended Vocabulary”Trade and Commerce Terms
Section titled “Trade and Commerce Terms”“business, trade”
“goods, merchandise”
pl. merces
“customs officer, toll collector”
“shop, store”
“market day, fair”
“money” (from earlier “cattle wealth”)
“agreement, contract”
“tax, duty”
Agricultural Terms
Section titled “Agricultural Terms”“field, farmland”
pl. agri
“crop, grain field”
pl. segetes
“garden”
“vineyard”
“plowman, farmer”
“harvester”
“grain, wheat”
“barley”
“oats”
Farming Tools
Section titled “Farming Tools”“plow”
“sickle”
pl. falces
“rake, hoe”
pl. rastra
Animal Husbandry
Section titled “Animal Husbandry”“livestock, cattle”
pl. pecora
“herd, flock”
pl. greges
“shepherd”
“cattle herder”