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Early Hick Lexicon — alphabetical (page 6 of 7)

tal /tal/
place, location (noun) — Forms many location compounds [Spatial Terms, Basic Terms]
Proto-Hick *halu
Borrowed from Pre-Hick dialect where spatial meaning developed
tamin /ta.min/
forge, smithy (noun) — Borrowed technical term from Eldrim metalworking traditions [Construction Terms, Tool Terms, Borrowed Terms]
Direct borrowing of Quenya technical term for forge/smithy
tarul /ta.rul/
west (noun) — Derived from term for west wind [Directional Terms, Weather Terms]
Shows climatic influence on directional terms
tel /tel/
tail, end (noun) [Body Parts, Landscape Terms]
Proto-Hick *telu
temer /te.mer/
death (noun) [Spirit Terms, Sacred Terms]
Proto-Hick *telu-himeru
Literally 'end of life'
temerok /te.me.rok/
killer, murderer (noun) [Basic Terms, Social Terms]
predator (noun) [Animal Terms, Basic Terms]
Shows metaphorical formation 'death-bringer' for both human killers and predatory animals
tenwa /ten.wa/
writing; spellcraft (noun) [Communication Terms, Sacred Terms, Magical Terms]
Eldrim tengwa
Shows semantic extension from basic writing to magical inscription
ter /ter/
flow, fluid motion (noun) [Basic Terms, Motion Terms]
Proto-Hick *teru
terimris /te.rim.ris/
next (noun) [Time Terms, Motion Terms]
Shows conceptualization of future as flow outward. Contrasts with terlas.
terlas /ter.las/
previous (noun) [Time Terms, Motion Terms]
Shows conceptualization of past as flow inward. Contrasts with terimris.
terok /te.rok/
drinker; drunkard (noun) [Person Terms, Food Terms]
One who drinks (professionally or habitually)
thal /θal/
side, flank (noun) [Body Parts, Landscape Terms]
Proto-Hick *thalu
thalgral /θal.gral/
hillside (noun) [Natural World, Landforms]
tharala /θa.ra.la/
deity (noun) [Sacred Terms, Religious Terms]
Proto-Hick *harala
Religious term showing resistance to regular sound changes
thid /θid/
truth (noun) [Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts]
Proto-Hick *hawadu
thil /θil/
virtue, moral (noun) [Abstract Concepts, Sacred Terms, Moral Terms]
Proto-Hick *halu
Abstract sense developed from basic meaning
thilul /θi.lul/
south (noun) — Derived from term for south wind [Directional Terms, Sacred Terms]
Shows cultural association of south with favorable omens
thilulbres /θi.lul.bres/
south wind (noun) — Associated with favorable weather and good fortune [Weather Terms, Directional Terms, Sacred Terms]
thimer /θi.mer/
spiritual nurturing; penitence (noun) — Used in ritual contexts [Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts]
Proto-Hick *ha-meru
Sacred extension of the nurturing sense also preserved in mer 'bird; parent'.
thir /θir/
air, wind (noun) [Elements]
white (noun) [Colors]
elder, elderly, white-haired (noun) — Extended from 'white' through white hair; productive in age-marked compounds. [Kinship Terms, Age Terms]
Proto-Hick *haru
thiral /θi.ral/
warm water, summer pool (noun) [Water Features]
Shows liquid deletion in compound
thirba /θir.ba/
grandfather (noun) [Kinship Terms]
thirlis /θir.lis/
grandchild (noun) [Kinship Terms]
Uses thir- as an age-marked kinship element extended from white hair.
thirmer /θir.mer/
grandparent (noun) [Kinship Terms]
Uses thir- as an age-marked kinship element extended from white hair.
thirnai /θir.nai/
grandmother (noun) [Kinship Terms]
thirpel /θir.pel/
fur-bear (noun) [Animal Terms]
thirren /θir.ren/
winter coat deer (noun) [Animal Terms]
thirthral /θir.θral/
summer (noun) [Time Terms]
thirwud /θir.wud/
white wood (noun) [Plant Terms, Material Terms, Color Terms]
thragral /θra.gral/
garden (noun) — The dual meaning reflects the sacred nature of cultivated land in Hick culture, where gardens were seen as sanctified spaces [Landforms, Garden Terms]
thrakel /θra.kel/
sun (noun) [Celestial Bodies, Sacred Terms]
sacred sky (noun) — Archaic literal sense preserved in etymology and poetic register [Celestial Bodies, Sacred Terms]
Lexicalized as the ordinary word for the sun; the literal sense 'sacred sky' is archaic.
thral /θral/
daylight, daytime (noun) [Time Terms, Natural Terms]
calendar day, appointed day (noun) [Time Terms]
sacred light, revelation (noun) — Poetic and religious sense extending daylight into sacred illumination; productive in revelatory derivations. [Sacred Terms, Light Terms, Abstract Concepts]
sacred, ritual (noun) — Archaic or literary as a bare word; in ordinary usage chiefly retained as a productive derivational and compound element for sacred or ritually marked concepts. [Sacred Terms, Ritual Terms]
sun deity (noun) — Archaic or theological; displaced in ordinary reference to the sun by thrakel. [Sacred Terms, Religious Terms]
Proto-Hick *harala
Developed from daylight and appointed day senses into sacred or ritually marked use; contrasts with brises 'firelight, illumination'.
thralas /θra.las/
divine revelation, sacred illumination (noun) — Poetic and religious; later lexicalized from ritual phrases where truth or insight is said to enter sacred light [Sacred Terms, Light Terms, Abstract Concepts, Case System]
Ossified from ritual and maximic use of transparent thrallas 'into sacred light'; the lexicalized form simplifies the boundary and denotes divine revelation.
thralbar /θral.bar/
sacred name (noun) — Used in ritual contexts [Sacred Terms, Name Terms]
thralgral /θral.gral/
consecrated ground, ritual or burial ground (noun) [Sacred Terms, Landforms, Ritual Terms]
Formal unreduced counterpart to thragral 'garden'.
thralter /θral.ter/
important day, day of significance (noun) — Common or colloquial extension from the ritual-register sense to the whole marked day [Time Terms, Social Terms, Sacred Terms]
ritual progression, liturgical sequence (noun) — Ritual register; the ordered flow of actions in a ceremony or marked day [Ritual Terms, Time Terms, Sacred Terms]
From thral 'appointed day; sacred/ritual in derivation' and ter 'flow, time-flow'. The ritual-register meaning refers to the ordered flow of ceremony; the common meaning extends this to the whole significant day.
thralthren /θral.θren/
vigil (noun) — A formal period of sacred or appointed watchfulness [Ritual Terms, Sacred Terms, Time Terms]
ritual observation; divination (noun) — Formal sacred watching, including divinatory observation when performed as a rite [Ritual Terms, Sacred Terms, Magical Terms]
thralwad /θral.wad/
righteous path, moral way (noun) — Spiritual or ethical way; the proper manner of living or acting [Sacred Terms, Ethical Terms, Path Terms]
ritual path, processional route (noun) — Literal path followed in ritual or ceremonial movement [Ritual Terms, Path Terms]
Uses wad in its extended sense of way or manner; the concrete path sense remains available in ritual movement.
thran /θran/
thousand (numeral) [Number Terms]
Proto-Hick *thran-inu
From counting form
thranal /θra.nal/
eternity, endless time (noun) — Poetic or religious term [Time Terms, Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts]
great cycle, age (noun) — Used for large calendrical or omen cycles [Time Terms, Calendar Terms]
Literally 'countless days'; distinct from ordinary seasonal terms.
thrantor /θran.tor/
mountain range (noun) [Natural World, Landforms]
Common noun behind later regional place names and reductions such as Ranterg.
thren /θren/
watching, observation (noun) — Nominal/root form; verbal use normally takes -'er [Perception, Sacred Terms]
Proto-Hick *threnu
thur /θur/
dusk (noun) [Time Terms]
Proto-Hick *thuru
thurkel /θur.kel/
evening sky (noun) [Time Terms, Celestial Terms]
thurmur /θur.mur/
dusk owl (noun) [Bird Terms, Nocturnal Terms]
Proto-Hick *thuru-muru-meru
Shows compound reduction
thurthral /θur.θral/
sacred dusk (noun) [Time Terms, Sacred Terms]
autumn (noun) [Time Terms, Seasonal Terms]
tin /tin/
tin (noun) [Metal Terms, Material Terms]
Proto-Hick *tinu
tir /tir/
two (numeral) [Number Terms]
Proto-Hick *tiru
Basic cardinal form
tir /tir/
sour (adjective) [Taste Terms]
wince, sour facial response (adjective) [Bodily Functions, Taste Terms]
Proto-Hick *tilmuru
Shows semantic connection between sour taste and facial response
tir'er /tir.ʔer/
to wince (verb) [Bodily Functions, Taste Terms]
to ferment (verb) [Process Terms, Food Terms]
Shows connection between taste sensation, involuntary facial response, and fermentation
tirai /ti.rai/
fermented drink (noun) [Food Terms, Drink Terms, Taste Terms]
Shows cultural knowledge of fermentation process
tirkres /tir.kres/
ten (numeral) [Number Terms]
togar /to.gar/
limestone, mountain rock (noun) [Material Terms, Landforms]
Shows semantic extension from visual similarity between bone and limestone
tomal /to.mal/
lake (noun) [Water Features, Landforms]
tomur /to.mur/
great owl (noun) [Bird Terms, Nocturnal Terms]
Shows liquid deletion and vowel reduction
tor /tor/
height, peak (noun) — See Augmentative Prefix [Natural World, Landforms]
Proto-Hick *toru
toran /to.ran/
river, flowing water (noun) [Natural World, Water Features]
Proto-Hick *ranu
torba /tor.ba/
goat (noun) — Shows metaphorical extension linking goats to mountains and paternal authority [Fauna, Animals, Pastoral Terms]
torduwes /tor.du.wes/
feast, great eating (noun) [Food Terms, Social Terms]
toreldal /to.rel.dal/
High Elf (noun) — Shows cultural perception of High Elves through augmentative prefix [Peoples, Cultural Terms, Sacred Terms]
From first elven migration period, uses native augmentative to distinguish High Elves
toren /to.ren/
horse (noun) — Shows semantic extension through size metaphor [Animals]
torken /tor.ken/
snow-peak, snow-capped mountain (noun) [Landforms, Weather Terms]
torlambe /tor.lam.be/
High Elven (Quenya) (noun) — Formal term for High Elven language [Language Terms, Eldrim Terms]
Shows parallel formation to toreldal 'High Elf'
tormel /tor.mel/
great fat, tallow (noun) [Food Terms, Material Terms]
tormer /tor.mer/
ancestor (noun) [Kinship Terms]
tornai /tor.nai/
ancestor (maternal) (noun) [Kinship Terms]
tornes /tor.nes/
whale (noun) [Animals]
tor-nes
torthil /tor.θil/
arrogance, haughtiness (noun) [Abstract Concepts, Emotional Terms]
Shows ironic compound formation - excessive virtue becoming a flaw
torulbres /to.rul.bres/
north wind (noun) — Original term for north wind, later often replaced by eldalulbres [Weather Terms, Directional Terms]
trask /trask/
leg (noun) [Body Parts]
Proto-Hick *tarasaku
trask'er /tras.ker/
to run (verb) [Motion Terms, Action Terms]
Shows semantic extension from body part to motion
tre /tre/
wagon, cart (noun) [Vehicle Terms]
Proto-Hick *mataru
Back-formed through reanalysis of ma- as plural prefix
ul /ul/
thumb (noun) [Body Terms, Basic Terms]
Proto-Hick *ʔulu
Original root (~800 PF) had meanings 'thumb/grasp/possession'. By Late Proto-Hick (~400 PF), bare form specialized to 'thumb/possession'. Source of possessive suffix -ul through grammaticalization.
uran /u.rən/
inch (unit of length, approximately thumb-width) (noun) [Measurement Terms, Basic Terms]
Proto-Hick *ulu-haranu
Shows development of measurement system from body parts
us /us/
grasp, possession (noun) [Basic Terms, Action Terms]
Proto-Hick *ʔulu-isu
Developed from locative form of *ʔulu (~400 PF) specializing in 'grasp' meaning
val /val/
valley, water-cut lowland (noun) [Natural World, Landforms]
valley, water-cut lowland (noun) [Natural World, Landforms]
valley, water-cut lowland (noun) [Natural World, Landforms]
valley, water-cut lowland (noun) [Natural World, Landforms]
Proto-Hick *valu
ven /ven/
yoke, burden (noun) [Basic Terms, Tool Terms]
Proto-Hick *venu
Reintroduced from dialect after original *venu developed into vin
ven'er /ven.ʔer/
to carry (verb) [Motion Terms, Action Terms]
venitar /ve.ni.tar/
to lift (verb) [Verbal Terms]
Lexicalized from superessive case of 'yoke'
venmer /ven.mer/
wing bird (noun) [Bird Terms, Animal Terms]