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Early Hick Lexicon — by semantic field (page 9 of 13)

ran /ran/: stream, flowing water (noun) [Natural World, Water Features]; Proto-Hick *ranu

thalgral /θal.gral/: hillside (noun) [Natural World, Landforms]

tor /tor/: height, peak (noun) — See Augmentative Prefix [Natural World, Landforms]; Proto-Hick *toru

toran /to.ran/: river, flowing water (noun) [Natural World, Water Features]; Proto-Hick *ranu

val /val/: valley, water-cut lowland (noun) [Natural World, Landforms]; valley, water-cut lowland (noun) [Natural World, Landforms]; valley, water-cut lowland (noun) [Natural World, Landforms]; valley, water-cut lowland (noun) [Natural World, Landforms]; Proto-Hick *valu

Negation

im /im/: evil, abstract negativity (noun) — Used for abstract concepts of evil/negativity [Sacred, Negation, Abstract Concepts]; Proto-Hick *ʔimru

imur /i.mur/: evil, negative force (noun) [Sacred, Negation]; Proto-Hick *imuru

Nocturnal Animals

murmer /mur.mer/: night-bird, owl (noun) [Birds, Animals, Nocturnal Animals]; night-bird, owl (noun) [Bird Terms, Nocturnal Animals]; night-bird, owl (noun) [Bird Terms, Nocturnal Animals]; night-bird, owl (noun) [Bird Terms, Nocturnal Animals]

Nocturnal Terms

thurmur /θur.mur/: dusk owl (noun) [Bird Terms, Nocturnal Terms]; Proto-Hick *thuru-muru-meru; Shows compound reduction

tomur /to.mur/: great owl (noun) [Bird Terms, Nocturnal Terms]; Shows liquid deletion and vowel reduction

Number System

haran /ha.ran/: split, separate (noun) [Action Terms]; divide (numbers) (noun) [Number System]; Proto-Hick *haranu

keth /keθ/: hundred (numeral) [Number System]; Proto-Hick *kethu

kres /kres/: eight (numeral) [Number System]; Proto-Hick *kresu

sin /sin/: one (numeral) [Number System]; Proto-Hick *su-inu; From counting form with *-inu suffix

Number Terms

anin /a.nin/: four (numeral) [Number Terms]; Proto-Hick *xanu-inu; Counting form

pil /pil/: five (noun) [Number Terms, Basic Terms]; Proto-Hick *pilu; basic form

pran /pran/: seven (noun) [Number Terms, Basic Terms]; Proto-Hick *pran-inu; counting form

sek /sek/: six (noun) [Number Terms]; Proto-Hick *seku; Basic form

sinkres /sin.kres/: nine (numeral) [Number Terms]

thran /θran/: thousand (numeral) [Number Terms]; Proto-Hick *thran-inu; From counting form

tirkres /tir.kres/: ten (numeral) [Number Terms]

Occupations

'ilisok /ʔi.li.sok/: teacher (noun) [Mental Terms, Social Terms, Occupations]

materok /ma.te.rok/: vessel-guide, boatman (noun) [Maritime Terms, Occupations]; vessel-guide, boatman (noun) [Maritime Terms, Occupations]; vessel-guide, boatman (noun) [Maritime Terms, Occupations]; vessel-guide, boatman (noun) [Maritime Terms, Occupations]; vessel-guide, boatman (noun) [Maritime Terms, Occupations]

sedok /se.dok/: planter, farmer (noun) [Agricultural Terms, Occupations]

Pastoral Terms

gras /gras/: grass (noun) [Plant Terms]; grass (noun) [Plant Terms, Natural World, Pastoral Terms, Basic Terms]; Proto-Hick *grasu

grasgral /gras.gral/: meadow, grassland (noun) [Plant Terms, Pastoral Terms, Landforms]

rok /rok/: horse (noun) — Shows elvish introduction of horses [Animals, Pastoral Terms]

torba /tor.ba/: goat (noun) — Shows metaphorical extension linking goats to mountains and paternal authority [Fauna, Animals, Pastoral Terms]

Pasture Terms

graswad /gras.wad/: pasture path (noun) [Pasture Terms, Agricultural Terms]

Path Terms

imurwad /i.mur.wad/: evil path, dangerous route (noun) [Path Terms, Sacred Terms]; Shows compound formation with negative prefix

riswad /ris.wad/: garden path (noun) [Path Terms, Garden Terms]

Peoples

toreldal /to.rel.dal/: High Elf (noun) — Shows cultural perception of High Elves through augmentative prefix [Peoples, Cultural Terms, Sacred Terms]; From first elven migration period, uses native augmentative to distinguish High Elves

Perception

his /his/: sight (animate/conscious perception) (noun, verb) [Perception, Sacred, Abstract Concepts]; to see (passive/unintentional perception) (noun, verb) [Perception Terms, Basic Terms]; Proto-Hick *hi-lisu

Perception Terms

'ilis /ʔi.lis/: knowledge (noun) [Mental Terms, Perception Terms, Action Terms]; Proto-Hick *hi-lisu; Semantic extension from 'sight' to 'knowledge'

hilis /hi.lis/: sight, active vision (noun) [Perception Terms, Action Terms, Basic Terms]; sight, active vision (noun) [Perception Terms, Basic Terms]; Proto-Hick *hilisu; Forms two contrasting verbs: hilis'er (active looking) vs his'er (passive seeing)

his /his/: sight (animate/conscious perception) (noun, verb) [Perception, Sacred, Abstract Concepts]; to see (passive/unintentional perception) (noun, verb) [Perception Terms, Basic Terms]; Proto-Hick *hi-lisu

hisimris /hi.sim.ris/: show (verb) — Contrasts with hilis'er 'to look' [Perception Terms, Action Terms]; Shows productive use of ellative case for causative meanings

pir /pir/: ear (noun) [Body Parts, Perception Terms]; Proto-Hick *piru

pirlas /pir.las/: hearing (noun) [Body Parts, Perception Terms]

pirlas'er /pir.las.ʔer/: to hear (verb) — Passive perception verb using illative to mark reception of sound. Contrasts with active pir'er 'listen' [Perception Terms, Basic Terms]

Performance Terms

meltek /mel.tek/: song (noun) — Basic term for melodic vocal performance [Music Terms, Performance Terms]; melodic rhythm (noun) — Technical term for musical patterns [Music Terms, Sound Terms]; Proto-Hick *melu-takutaku; Shows preservation of first syllable of second element in compound reduction

Person Terms

'al /ʔal/: person (noun) [Person Terms, Basic Terms]; Proto-Hick hi- + *ʔalu; From animacy marker + basic person term

'eldal /ʔel.dal/: elf (individual) (noun) [Person Terms, Sacred Terms]; Borrowing from Sindarin eldrim with native person marker

'eldalok /ʔel.da.lok/: elven people (noun) [Person Terms, Sacred Terms]; Collective form using agentive suffix to mark social group

'irurlis /ʔi.rur.lis/: cave dweller (noun) — Often refers to ritual specialists or hermits [Sacred Terms, Person Terms, Social Terms]; Compound of sacred cave term with person marker

brismer /bris.mer/: passionate lover (noun) [Love Terms, Person Terms, Family Terms]; Shows ambiguous compound analysis between 'passionate-parent' and 'fire-heart'

duwesok /du.we.sok/: eater, consumer (noun) [Food Terms, Person Terms]; Shows agentive marking

edel /e.del/: Wood Elf (noun) — Used to refer to Wood Elves, showing early contact with Elvish peoples [Person Terms, Borrowed Terms]; Sindarin eðel + pre-Early Hick ʔal; Borrowed term for Wood Elves

gal /gal/: man (noun) [Person Terms, Gender Terms]; Shows metaphorical extension of hardness to masculinity

im'irok /im.ʔi.rok/: enemy, adversary (noun) [Person Terms, Sacred Terms]; Shows productive use of agentive suffix with abstract concepts

imasamok /i.ma.sa.mok/: coward (noun) [Person Terms, Character Terms]; Shows productive use of agentive suffix with compound base

ithiril /i.θi.ril/: Dark Elf (noun) [Person Terms, Borrowed Terms]; Borrowed term for Dark Elves

kiris /ki.ris/: outsider (noun) [Person Terms, Social Terms]; Proto-Hick *kiru-ʔisu; Shows archaic directional suffix

kiriter /ki.ri.ter/: foreigner, stranger (noun) [Person Terms, Social Terms]; Borrowed from inland dialects with productive ellative suffix -iter (vs coastal -imris)

liba /li.ba/: uncle (paternal) (noun) [Kinship Terms, Person Terms]

limer /li.mer/: younger parent/aunt/uncle (noun) [Kinship Terms, Person Terms]

linai /li.nai/: aunt (maternal) (noun) [Kinship Terms, Person Terms]

ma'al /ma.ʔal/: community, tribe (noun) — Collective term implying social/political unity [Person Terms, Political Terms]

mobar /mo.bar/: nameless one (noun) [Person Terms, Sacred Terms]

natlas /nat.las/: friend (noun) [Person Terms, Social Terms]; Shows cluster simplification and case lexicalization. From 'one in a state of desire/affection' to 'friend'

sibar /si.bar/: distinguished one, unique person (noun) [Person Terms, Honor Terms, Social Terms]; Shows development of honorific from concept of unique naming

terok /te.rok/: drinker; drunkard (noun) [Person Terms, Food Terms]; One who drinks (professionally or habitually)

vinlas /vin.las/: fetus, unborn child (noun) [Person Terms, Body Terms, Life Stages]; Shows lexicalization of case marking spatial relationship

vinok /vi.nok/: baby, infant (noun) [Person Terms, Kinship Terms, Life Stages]; Shows semantic extension from agentive to resultative meaning

wen'al /wen.ʔal/: woman (noun) [Person Terms, Gender Terms]

Personal

'alis /ʔa.lis/: who (visible/known person) (interrogative) [Interrogatives, Proximal, Personal]; Proto-Hick *haka-lis

'alum /ʔa.lum/: who (unknown person) (interrogative) [Interrogatives, Distal, Personal]; Proto-Hick *haka-al-um

Philosophical Terms

etilsim /e.til.sim/: everything changes/transforms (with implications of resignation/indifference) (adverb) — Often used as resigned response to change or loss [Abstract Concepts, Philosophical Terms]; Shows lexicalization of translative case into expression of both transformation and resignation

wad /wad/: path (noun) [Basic Terms]; way, manner (noun) — Extended metaphorical meaning [Sacred, Philosophical Terms, Abstract Concepts]; Proto-Hick *wadu

Physical Sensation

pakupak /ˈpa.ku.pək/: tickle (noun) [Basic Terms, Physical Sensation]; Proto-Hick *pakupaku

Physical States

kaimpal /ka.im.pal/: weak, feeble (adjective) [Physical States, Basic Terms]; Shows metaphorical extension of belly/gut health to general strength

kapal /ka.pal/: strong, vigorous (adjective) — Contrasts with kaimpal 'weak'. Forms compounds like kapaltak 'strong-strike' [Physical States, Basic Terms]; Shows metaphorical extension of belly/gut health to general strength

kasul /ka.sul/: energetic (adjective) [Physical States, Basic Terms]

krantak /kran.tak/: to pierce, stab (verb, noun) [Basic Actions, Weapon Terms]; physical pain (verb, noun) [Body Terms, Physical States]; Shows instrumental compound formation - striking with a spike

Place Names

'eldegralen asadimris /ʔel.də.gra.len a.sa.dim.ris/: The Elven Bridge (lexinfo:ProperNoun) — Shows formal/sacred term patterns with case marking [Place Names, Infrastructure, Sacred Terms]; Shows formal preservation of medial marker and elative case

Place Terms

gransed /gran.sed/: grain (noun) [Plant Terms, Place Terms]

Plant Terms

asa /a.sa/: vine (noun) [Plant Terms]; Proto-Hick *hasa; Shows regular loss of initial h-

gransed /gran.sed/: grain (noun) [Plant Terms, Place Terms]

gras /gras/: grass (noun) [Plant Terms]; grass (noun) [Plant Terms, Natural World, Pastoral Terms, Basic Terms]; Proto-Hick *grasu

grased /gra.sed/: grain (noun) [Plant Terms, Food Terms]; Shows typical compound formation for cultivated plants