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Early Hick Lexicon — alphabetical (page 1 of 6)

-en /-en/: that (inanimate, visible, medial) (suffix) [Demonstratives, Grammatical Terms]; Proto-Hick *ena

-eth /-eθ/: that (medial, inanimate, hidden, sensed) (suffix) [Demonstratives, Grammatical Terms]; Proto-Hick *etha

-is /-is/: this (inanimate, sensed, proximal) (suffix) [Demonstratives, Grammatical Terms]; Proto-Hick *isa

-nat /nat/: want to, desire to (desiderative suffix) (suffix) [Grammatical Terms, Verbal Morphology]; Grammaticalized from full verb 'desire' to desiderative suffix

-rum /-rum/: that (animate, distant) (suffix) [Demonstratives, Grammatical Terms]; Proto-Hick *ruma

-tan /-tan/: that (animate, visible, medial) (suffix) [Demonstratives, Grammatical Terms]; Proto-Hick *tana

-thir /-θir/: that (medial, animate, sensed) (suffix) [Demonstratives, Grammatical Terms]; Proto-Hick *thira

-um /-um/: that (inanimate, distant) (suffix) [Demonstratives, Grammatical Terms]; Proto-Hick *uma

-ʔis /-ʔis/: this (animate, sensed, proximal) (suffix) [Demonstratives, Grammatical Terms]; Proto-Hick *ʔisa

'aka /ʔa.ka/: what (interrogative) [Interrogatives]; Proto-Hick *haka; Basic question root with archaic animacy marking

'aker /ʔa.ker/: how (visible/known manner) (interrogative) [Interrogatives, Proximal, Manner]; Proto-Hick *haka-er-is

'akereth /ʔa.ke.reθ/: how (sensed manner) (interrogative) [Interrogatives, Medial, Manner]; Proto-Hick *haka-er-eth

'akerum /ʔa.ke.rum/: how (unknown manner) (interrogative) [Interrogatives, Distal, Manner]; Proto-Hick *haka-er-um

'al /ʔal/: person (noun) [Person Terms, Basic Terms]; Proto-Hick hi- + *ʔalu; From animacy marker + basic person term

'aleth /ʔa.leθ/: who (sensed but not seen) (pronoun) — Used for referents that are heard or sensed but not visually perceived [Interrogatives, Medial Forms]; 'aka-'al-eth; Used for heard/sensed but not seen referents

'alis /ʔa.lis/: who (visible/known person) (interrogative) [Interrogatives, Proximal, Personal]; Proto-Hick *haka-lis

'alum /ʔa.lum/: who (unknown person) (interrogative) [Interrogatives, Distal, Personal]; Proto-Hick *haka-al-um

'atal /ʔa.tal/: where (what-place-PROX.INAN) (interrogative) [Interrogatives, Proximal, Spatial]; Proto-Hick *haka-tal-is

'ater /ʔa.ter/: when (visible/known time) (interrogative) [Interrogatives, Proximal, Temporal]; Proto-Hick *haka-ter-is

'aterbran /ʔa.ter.bran/: before (lexinfo:SubordinatingConjunction) — Temporal metaphor using interrogative 'when' + 'dawn' [Time Terms, Interrogatives]

'atereth /ʔa.te.reθ/: when (sensed time) (interrogative) [Interrogatives, Medial, Temporal]; Proto-Hick *haka-ter-eth

'aterum /ʔa.te.rum/: when (unknown time) (interrogative) [Interrogatives, Distal, Temporal]; Proto-Hick *haka-ter-um

'ateth /ʔa.teθ/: where (sensed location) (interrogative) [Interrogatives, Medial, Spatial]; Proto-Hick *haka-tal-eth

'atum /ʔa.tum/: where (unknown location) (interrogative) [Interrogatives, Distal, Spatial]; Proto-Hick *haka-tal-um

'eldal /ʔel.dal/: elf (individual) (noun) [Person Terms, Sacred Terms]; Borrowing from Sindarin eldrim with native person marker

'eldalok /ʔel.da.lok/: elven people (noun) [Person Terms, Sacred Terms]; Collective form using agentive suffix to mark social group

'eldegral /ʔel.də.gral/: Feywild (noun) [Sacred Terms, Landforms]; Shows vowel reduction in middle syllable and sacred earth metaphor

'eldegralen asadimris /ʔel.də.gra.len a.sa.dim.ris/: The Elven Bridge (lexinfo:ProperNoun) — Shows formal/sacred term patterns with case marking [Place Names, Infrastructure, Sacred Terms]; Shows formal preservation of medial marker and elative case

'er /ʔer/: verbalizer suffix that creates verbs from nouns and property concepts (suffix) — Standard realization is always -'er in the standard language, with dialectal -er after plosives; Proto-Hick *heru

'eteleth /ʔe.te.leθ/: when (sensed time) (interrogative) [Interrogatives, Medial, Temporal]; Proto-Hick *haka-tel-eth

'etelum /ʔe.te.lum/: when (unknown time) (interrogative) [Interrogatives, Distal, Temporal]; Proto-Hick *haka-tel-um

'etil /ʔe.til/: living thing (noun) [Spirit Terms, Sacred Terms]; Proto-Hick *hi-etilu

'ibri /ʔib.ri/: manure, fertilizer (noun) [Agricultural Terms, Tool Terms]; Proto-Hick *'ibari

'ibrigral /ʔib.ri.gral/: farmlands, cultivated fields (noun) [Agricultural Terms, Landscape Terms]; Shows development from fertilization practice to agricultural land

'ibris /ʔib.ris/: breath (noun) — Often used in ritual contexts [Sacred Terms, Body Terms]; Shows sacred prefix with basic term for wind/breath

'ibris'er /ʔi.bris.ʔer/: to burn (verb) [Basic Terms, Elemental Terms, Fire Terms]; Base form for metaphorical extensions to passion and anger

'ihir /ʔi.hir/: hear, listen (verb) — Basic verb of hearing, often with ritual connotations [Sacred Terms, Sensory Terms]; Shows sacred prefix with sensory root

'il /ʔil/: good, kind (noun) [Basic Terms, Sacred Terms]; Proto-Hick *hi-halu; Shows archaic animacy marking through glottal prefix

'ilibris /ʔi.li.bris/: passion; inspire fervor (noun) [Emotion Terms, Sacred Terms]; Shows positive metaphorical extension of burning sensation

'ilibris'er /ʔi.li.bris.ʔer/: (euphemistic) to make love, have sexual intercourse (verb) [Body Parts, Sacred Terms]; Euphemistic term derived from 'ilibris 'passion'. Shows cultural preference for metaphors of warmth/fire in intimate contexts.

'ilis /ʔi.lis/: knowledge (noun) [Mental Terms, Perception Terms, Action Terms]; Proto-Hick *hi-lisu; Semantic extension from 'sight' to 'knowledge'

'ilisal /ʔi.li.sal/: visit (a place) (noun) [Mental Terms, Action Terms, Motion Terms]; experience personally (noun) [Mental Terms, Action Terms]; confirm via experiment (noun) [Mental Terms, Action Terms]; Shows semantic development from 'knowledge-person' to active experiential learning

'ilisimris /ʔi.li.sim.ris/: to teach (verb) [Mental Terms, Social Terms, Action Terms]; Shows productive use of ellative for causative meanings

'ilisimris'er /ʔi.li.sim.ris.ʔer/: to teach (verb) [Knowledge Terms, Action Terms]; Literally 'to cause knowledge to go out from', showing productive use of ellative for causative meanings

'ilisok /ʔi.li.sok/: teacher (noun) [Mental Terms, Social Terms, Occupations]

'ilistal /ʔi.lis.tal/: library (noun) — Place for storing and accessing knowledge [Learning Terms, Building Terms]; school (noun) — Place for formal instruction [Learning Terms, Building Terms]; Shows development of dedicated learning spaces

'ilsul /ʔil.sul/: happiness, joy (noun) — Often appears in well-wishing expressions [Emotional Terms, Body Terms]; Shows cultural conceptualization of liver as seat of emotions, particularly positive ones

'iltakutak /ʔil.ta.ku.tak/: good-rhythm, harmonious relationship (noun) — Used in diplomatic contexts. Forms verb 'iltakutak'er 'to make peace'. [Musical Terms, Diplomatic Terms]

'imer /ʔi.mer/: life (noun) [Spirit Terms, Sacred Terms]; Proto-Hick *hi-mer

'imeritares /ʔi.me.ri.ta.res/: welcome; raised spirits (noun) [Common Phrases, Spirit Terms, Sacred Terms]; Dialectal loss of initial glottal allows reanalysis with imer 'breath/soul'

'imsai /ʔim.sai/: self-doubt, anxiety (noun) [Mental Terms, Emotional Terms]; Shows cultural conceptualization of anxiety as negative self-reflection

'imur /ʔi.mur/: evil force (noun) [Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts]; Proto-Hick *hi-muru; Shows archaic animacy marking through glottal prefix

'imwen /ʔim.wen/: witch, evil woman (noun) — Pejorative term for female magic user [Magic Terms, Gender Terms]; Shows pejorative development in magical terminology

'ir /ʔir/: movement, motion (noun) [Motion Terms, Basic Terms]; Proto-Hick *heru; Source of verbalizer suffix -'er through grammaticalization

'irai /ʔi.rai/: sacred water (noun) — Used in ritual contexts and sacred sites [Sacred Terms, Water Terms, Ritual Terms]; Shows sacred prefix with basic term for water

'irek /ʔi.rek/: stand, firmness (noun) [Basic Terms, Position Terms, Action Terms]; Proto-Hick *hi-reku; Shows archaic animacy marking through glottal prefix

'irur /ʔi.rur/: repetition, again (noun) [Grammatical Terms, Motion Terms]; Proto-Hick *heru-heru; From reduplicated form of *heru 'action'. Forms grammaticalized iterative marker -rur/-ur

'irurbel /ʔi.rur.bel/: cave (noun) — Often associated with sacred or ritual sites [Sacred Terms, Landforms, Geographic Terms]; Shows sacred prefix with compound for dark hollow

'iruretil /ʔi.ru.re.til/: gift (noun) — Always inanimate, reflecting cultural norms [Material Culture, Social Terms]; Shows cultural link between containers and proper gifts

'irurlis /ʔi.rur.lis/: cave dweller (noun) — Often refers to ritual specialists or hermits [Sacred Terms, Person Terms, Social Terms]; Compound of sacred cave term with person marker

'irursibris /ʔi.rur.sib.ris/: ceremonial gift, dowry (noun) — Used for significant life events and marriage gifts [Sacred Terms, Social Terms, Marriage Terms]; Used for ceremonial and marriage gifts

'irurtak /ʔi.rur.tak/: cave art (noun) — Refers specifically to ritual or sacred cave paintings and markings [Sacred Terms, Art Terms, Cultural Terms]; Compound of sacred cave term with marking/impact

'it /ʔit/: knot (in wood) (noun) — Specifically refers to natural knots in wood/lumber [Construction Terms, Natural Features]; falsehood (noun) — Metaphorical extension from deviation in wood grain [Abstract Concepts]; Proto-Hick *xitu

'u'u /ʔu.ʔu/: cry, weep (in sorrow/pain) (verb) — Often reduplicated for continuous crying [Sound Terms, Emotion Terms, Body Terms]; Proto-Hick *'uhu-'uhu; Onomatopoeic origin from crying/sobbing sound

ai /ai/: water (noun, noun) — See Maritime Terms, Water Features [Natural World, Elements]; water (noun, noun) — See Maritime Terms, Water Features [Natural World]; water (noun, noun) — See Maritime Terms, Water Features [Natural World]; water (noun, noun) — See Maritime Terms, Water Features [Natural World]; Proto-Hick *ahi

aiesp /ai.esp/: bathe (noun) — Basic term for immersion in water [Water Terms, Motion Terms, Body Terms]; Shows lexicalization of subessive case into basic verb stem

aigasam /ai.ga.sam/: wet grinding (noun) [Tool Terms, Technical Terms]; Literally "water grinding," referring to the use of water in the smoothing process

aimirik /ai.mi.rik/: slush, partially melted snow/ice (noun) [Weather Terms, States of Matter]; Describes mixture state between water and ice

airur /ai.rur/: karst, water-carved limestone terrain (noun) — Describes limestone regions shaped by water erosion [Landforms, Water Features, Geographic Terms]; karst, water-carved limestone terrain (noun) — Describes limestone regions shaped by water erosion [Landforms, Water Features, Geographic Terms]; Shows water-landform compound pattern common in geographic terms

aitar /ai.tar/: rain (noun) [Natural World, Precipitation]

aitarulbres /ai.ta.rul.bres/: west wind (noun) — Primary term in coastal regions, associated with rainfall patterns [Weather Terms, Directional Terms, Maritime Terms]

al /al/: natural rock (noun) [Natural World, Elements]; natural rock (noun) [Natural World, Elements]; natural rock (noun) [Natural World, Elements]; natural rock (noun) [Natural World, Elements]; Proto-Hick *xalu

aniko /a.ni.ko/: animal (general term) (noun) [Animals, Basic Terms]; Proto-Hick *xani-kostu; Shows semantic extension from descriptive 'four-legged' to general term for animal

anin /a.nin/: four (numeral) [Number Terms]; Proto-Hick *xanu-inu; Counting form

ar /ar/: cut, cutting action (noun) [Action Terms, Tool Terms, Basic Terms]; Proto-Hick *xaru

arak /a.rak/: color (noun) — Forms compounds for specific colors [Color Terms, Visual Terms]; Proto-Hick *ʔaraku; Shows semantic shift from animate light to color

arasaditar /a.ra.sa.di.tar/: table (noun) [Household Terms, Construction Terms]; Literally "elevated plank"

arasud /a.ra.sud/: plank, cut timber (noun) [Construction Terms, Wood Terms]; Proto-Hick *xarasa-wudu; Literally "cut-through wood"

arsil /ar.sil/: open wound, cut (noun) [Medical Terms, Body Terms, Injury Terms]

arum /a.rum/: sketch; draw (noun) [Tool/Craft Terms, Artistic Terms]; Shows semantic extension from physical cutting to artistic marking