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Early Hick Lexicon — by semantic field (page 8 of 13)

imbris /im.bris/: fever, harmful heat (noun) [Medical Terms, Body States, Illness Terms]; Shows productive use of im- prefix for negative conditions

kandup /kan.dup/: head lump, bump on head (noun) [Body Terms, Medical Terms, Injury Terms]

Mental Terms

'ilis /ʔi.lis/: knowledge (noun) [Mental Terms, Perception Terms, Action Terms]; Proto-Hick *hi-lisu; Semantic extension from 'sight' to 'knowledge'

'ilisal /ʔi.li.sal/: visit (a place) (noun) [Mental Terms, Action Terms, Motion Terms]; experience personally (noun) [Mental Terms, Action Terms]; confirm via experiment (noun) [Mental Terms, Action Terms]; Shows semantic development from 'knowledge-person' to active experiential learning

'ilisimris /ʔi.li.sim.ris/: to teach (verb) [Mental Terms, Social Terms, Action Terms]; Shows productive use of ellative for causative meanings

'ilisok /ʔi.li.sok/: teacher (noun) [Mental Terms, Social Terms, Occupations]

'imsai /ʔim.sai/: self-doubt, anxiety (noun) [Mental Terms, Emotional Terms]; Shows cultural conceptualization of anxiety as negative self-reflection

gnater /gna.ter/: desire (verb) [Mental Terms, Emotional Terms, Basic Terms]

imerlas /i.mer.las/: inspiration (noun) [Spirit Terms, Mental Terms]; Shows productive use of illative case for inward inspiration

imlis /im.lis/: fear, dread (noun) [Emotional Terms, Mental Terms]; Shows semantic development from 'seeing evil' to general fear

imlisrur /im.lis.rur/: anxiety, constant fear (noun) [Emotional Terms, Mental Terms]; Shows extension of iterative aspect to ongoing mental state

kasai /kas.əi/: introspection, self-reflection (noun) [Mental Terms, Sacred Terms]; From ancient practice of water-gazing meditation. Shows metaphorical extension from physical reflection to mental contemplation

mulis /mu.lis/: dream, vision (noun) [Mental Terms, Sacred Terms]; Proto-Hick *muruhilisu

mulisim /mu.li.sim/: to enter a dream state (noun) [Mental Terms, Sacred Terms]

mulisimris /mu.li.sim.ris/: to awaken from a dream (noun) [Mental Terms, Sacred Terms]

mulislas /mu.lis.las/: to enter a dream (noun) [Mental Terms, Sacred Terms]

mulisthral /mu.lis.θral/: prophetic dream (noun) [Mental Terms, Sacred Terms]

sai /sai/: sense of self (noun) [Mental Terms, Sacred Terms]; inner voice (noun) [Mental Terms, Sacred Terms]; Shows folk etymology where kasai 'introspection' (< kasu-ai 'reflection-water') was reanalyzed as ka-sai leading to extraction of sai as independent term

Metal Terms

kurtin /kur.tin/: bronze (noun) [Metal Terms, Material Terms]

tin /tin/: tin (noun) [Metal Terms, Material Terms]; Proto-Hick *tinu

Metals

ger /ger/: metal (noun) [Metals, Material Culture, Basic Terms]; Proto-Hick *kuru-garu

grakur /gra.kur/: grey copper (noun) [Metals, Colors]; Shows descriptive compound formation for metal types

ir /ir/: iron (noun) [Metals, Material Culture]; Proto-Hick *xiru; Basic term for iron, shows early mining culture

kur /kur/: moss (noun) [Flora, Plant Terms]; copper (noun) [Metals, Material Culture]; Proto-Hick *kuru

Military

branlir /bran.lir/: watchtower (noun) [Architecture, Military]; Proto-Hick *bran-lir; Military architecture term

Military Terms

brastak /bras.tak/: weapons, armaments (noun) — Often used collectively for military equipment [Weapon Terms, Military Terms]; Shows metonymic extension from action to implements

mabarak /ma.ba.rak/: march, collective walking (noun) [Motion Terms, Action Terms, Military Terms]; Collective motion from plural marker

Moral Terms

thil /θil/: virtue, moral (noun) [Abstract Concepts, Sacred Terms, Moral Terms]; Proto-Hick *halu; Abstract sense developed from basic meaning

Motion Terms

'ilisal /ʔi.li.sal/: visit (a place) (noun) [Mental Terms, Action Terms, Motion Terms]; experience personally (noun) [Mental Terms, Action Terms]; confirm via experiment (noun) [Mental Terms, Action Terms]; Shows semantic development from 'knowledge-person' to active experiential learning

'ir /ʔir/: movement, motion (noun) [Motion Terms, Basic Terms]; Proto-Hick *heru; Source of verbalizer suffix -'er through grammaticalization

'irur /ʔi.rur/: repetition, again (noun) [Grammatical Terms, Motion Terms]; Proto-Hick *heru-heru; From reduplicated form of *heru 'action'. Forms grammaticalized iterative marker -rur/-ur

aiesp /ai.esp/: bathe (noun) — Basic term for immersion in water [Water Terms, Motion Terms, Body Terms]; Shows lexicalization of subessive case into basic verb stem

barak /ba.rak/: walking, gait (noun) [Motion Terms, Movement Terms]; Proto-Hick *baraku; Forms verb barak'er "to walk" with -'er suffix

eter /e.ter/: flow of things; correct ordering, sorting (noun) — Forms verb eter'er "to sort, arrange" [Abstract Terms, Motion Terms]; Shows metaphorical extension of flow to proper arrangement

imasam /i.ma.sam/: to cower, hide from fear (verb) [Motion Terms, Position Terms, Emotional Terms]; Shows metaphorical extension of 'resting under' to fearful hiding

imlis'er /im.li.sʔer/: to flee, run from fear (verb) — Contrasts with trask'er 'run (neutral)' [Motion Terms, Emotional Terms]; Shows natural development from fear to flight response

imlisitar /im.li.si.tar/: to flinch, startle (verb) [Motion Terms, Body Actions, Emotional Terms]; Uses superlative case to indicate sudden upward movement

mabarak /ma.ba.rak/: march, collective walking (noun) [Motion Terms, Action Terms, Military Terms]; Collective motion from plural marker

par /par/: crawl (verb) [Motion Terms, Body Terms]; *paru-heru; Shows semantic development from 'belly-motion' to general 'crawl'

sin /sin/: floating (noun) [Motion Terms, Maritime Terms, Action Terms]; Proto-Hick *senu

sinas /si.nas/: drift, passage (noun) [Motion Terms, Maritime Terms, Abstract Concepts]; Proto-Hick *senu-asa-u; Literally 'floating through', shows typical compound reduction

tagimris /tag.im.ris/: give (verb) [Motion Terms, Body Parts]; Shows common pattern of ellative case marking motion from hand. Contrasts with taglas 'take'.

taglas /tag.las/: take, receive (verb) [Motion Terms, Body Parts]; Shows common pattern of illative case marking motion into hand. Contrasts with tagimris 'give'.

ter /ter/: flow, fluid motion (noun) [Basic Terms, Motion Terms]; Proto-Hick *teru

terimris /te.rim.ris/: next (noun) [Time Terms, Motion Terms]; Shows conceptualization of future as flow outward. Contrasts with terlas.

terlas /ter.las/: previous (noun) [Time Terms, Motion Terms]; Shows conceptualization of past as flow inward. Contrasts with terimris.

trask'er /tras.kʔer/: to run (verb) [Motion Terms, Action Terms]; Shows semantic extension from body part to motion

ven'er /ven.ʔer/: to carry (verb) [Motion Terms, Action Terms]

Movement Terms

barak /ba.rak/: walking, gait (noun) [Motion Terms, Movement Terms]; Proto-Hick *baraku; Forms verb barak'er "to walk" with -'er suffix

Music Terms

meltek /mel.tek/: song (noun) — Basic term for melodic vocal performance [Music Terms, Performance Terms]; melodic rhythm (noun) — Technical term for musical patterns [Music Terms, Sound Terms]; Proto-Hick *melu-takutaku; Shows preservation of first syllable of second element in compound reduction

Musical Terms

'iltakutak /ʔil.ta.ku.tak/: good-rhythm, harmonious relationship (noun) — Used in diplomatic contexts. Forms verb 'iltakutak'er 'to make peace'. [Musical Terms, Diplomatic Terms]

takutak /ta.ku.tak/: rhythm (noun) [Sound Terms, Musical Terms]; Proto-Hick *takutaku; Preserves onomatopoeic reduplication

takutek /ta.ku.tek/: rhythm (noun) [Musical Terms, Sound Terms]; Proto-Hick *takutaku; Preserves onomatopoeic reduplication

Mythological Terms

lik /lik/: dragon (noun) — Cultural borrowing showing Eldrim mythological influence [Mythological Terms, Borrowed Terms]; Shows semantic narrowing from general serpentine being to specific dragon concept

parduwes /par.du.wes/: cavern, cave network (noun) — Originally 'worm-eaten,' extended to mean cave networks [Landforms, Mythological Terms]; Shows compound reduction of grapar-duwes to parduwes

Name Terms

barlas /bar.las/: personal name (noun) [Name Terms, Identity Terms]; Used for intimate/personal names

thralbar /θral.bar/: sacred name (noun) — Used in ritual contexts [Sacred Terms, Name Terms]

Natural Features

'it /ʔit/: knot (in wood) (noun) — Specifically refers to natural knots in wood/lumber [Construction Terms, Natural Features]; falsehood (noun) — Metaphorical extension from deviation in wood grain [Abstract Concepts]; Proto-Hick *xitu

Natural Terms

brises /bri.ses/: light, illumination; discover, explore (noun) [Natural Terms, Sacred Terms]; Proto-Hick *brisu-wesu; Shows metaphorical extension of "embraced heat" to light/illumination. Forms verb brises'er "to shine", further extended of illumination to discovery and exploration

dup /dup/: pearl; lump, mass (noun) [Natural Terms, Medical Terms]; Proto-Hick *dupu; Shows semantic extension from 'pearl' to general 'rounded mass'

Natural World

ai /ai/: water (noun, noun) — See Maritime Terms, Water Features [Natural World, Elements]; water (noun, noun) — See Maritime Terms, Water Features [Natural World]; water (noun, noun) — See Maritime Terms, Water Features [Natural World]; water (noun, noun) — See Maritime Terms, Water Features [Natural World]; Proto-Hick *ahi

aitar /ai.tar/: rain (noun) [Natural World, Precipitation]

al /al/: natural rock (noun) [Natural World, Elements]; natural rock (noun) [Natural World, Elements]; natural rock (noun) [Natural World, Elements]; natural rock (noun) [Natural World, Elements]; Proto-Hick *xalu

asatogar /a.sa.to.gar/: travertine (noun) [Material Terms, Natural World]; Named for its flowing, vine-like mineral formations

bramis /bra.mis/: sea mist, coastal fog (noun) [Natural World, Precipitation, Maritime Terms]

dortor /dor.tor/: back slope (noun) [Natural World, Landforms]

gar /gar/: stone (noun) [Natural World, Elements]; stone (noun) [Natural World, Elements]; stone (noun) [Natural World, Elements]; stone (noun) [Natural World, Elements]; Proto-Hick *garu

gral /gral/: earth, soil (noun) [Natural World, Elements]; earth, soil (noun) [Natural World]; earth, soil (noun) [Natural World]; earth, soil (noun) [Natural World]; Proto-Hick *gralu

gras /gras/: grass (noun) [Plant Terms]; grass (noun) [Plant Terms, Natural World, Pastoral Terms, Basic Terms]; Proto-Hick *grasu

kakethmal /ka.keθ.mal/: brine pool (noun) [Water Features, Natural World]

kel /kel/: sky (noun) — Often used in compounds referring to celestial phenomena [Celestial Terms, Natural World]; blue (noun) — Derived from association with sky color [Colors]; leaf (noun) — Productive in botanical compounds [Flora, Plant Terms]; Proto-Hick *kelu; Shows semantic extension from 'leaf' to 'sky', possibly through metaphor of canopy

kirtor /kir.tor/: cliff face (noun) [Natural World, Landforms]; cliff face (noun) [Natural World, Landforms]

limal /li.mal/: pond (noun) [Water Features, Natural World]

mal /mal/: pool, standing water (noun) [Natural World, Water Features]; pool, standing water (noun) [Natural World, Water Features]; pool, standing water (noun) [Natural World, Water Features]; pool, standing water (noun) [Natural World, Water Features]; Proto-Hick *malu

melter /mel.ter/: honey (noun) [Food Terms, Natural World]

miraitar /mi.rai.tar/: cold rain (noun) [Natural World, Precipitation]

miral /mi.ral/: cold pool, spring (noun) [Water Features, Natural World]

mur /mur/: night, darkness (noun) [Time Terms, Natural World, Temporal States]; night, darkness (noun) [Time Terms, Sacred Terms]; night, darkness (noun) [Time Terms, Sacred Terms]; night, darkness (noun) [Time Terms, Sacred Terms]; Proto-Hick *muru

nagral /na.gral/: black earth (noun) [Natural World, Landforms]; black earth (noun) [Natural World, Landforms]; black earth (noun) [Natural World, Landforms]; black earth (noun) [Natural World, Landforms]

palmal /pal.mal/: deep pool (noun) [Natural World, Landforms, Water Features]