Early Hick Lexicon — by semantic field (page 1 of 13)
Semantic fields reference
- Abstract Concepts
- Abstract Terms
- Action Terms
- Action Verbs
- Agricultural Terms
- Animal Terms
- Animals
- Architecture
- Art Terms
- Artistic Terms
- Basic Actions
- Basic Terms
- Bird Terms
- Birds
- Bodily Functions
- Body Actions
- Body Parts
- Body States
- Body Terms
- Borrowed Terms
- Building Terms
- Case System
- Celestial Bodies
- Celestial Terms
- Character Terms
- Climate Terms
- Color Terms
- Colors
- Common Phrases
- Communication Terms
- Conflict Terms
- Conjunction
- Construction Terms
- Craft Terms
- Criminal Terms
- Cultivated Plants
- Cultural Terms
- Death Terms
- Demonstratives
- Derivational Morphology
- Destructive Actions
- Diplomatic Terms
- Directional Terms
- Distal
- Distance Terms
- Domestic Animals
- Drink Terms
- Earth Terms
- Eldrim Terms
- Elemental Terms
- Elements
- Emotion Terms
- Emotional Terms
- Family Terms
- Fauna
- Fire Terms
- Fish Terms
- Flora
- Flora Terms
- Flower Names
- Food & Consumption Terms
- Food & Drink
- Food Terms
- Garden Terms
- Gender Terms
- Geographic Terms
- Grammatical Terms
- Honor Terms
- Horticulture Terms
- Household Terms
- Identity Terms
- Illness Terms
- Infrastructure
- Injury Terms
- Insect Terms
- Interrogatives
- Kinship Terms
- Knowledge Terms
- Landforms
- Landscape Terms
- Language Terms
- Learning Terms
- Life Stages
- Light Terms
- Love Terms
- Magic Terms
- Magical Terms
- Manner
- Maritime Terms
- Marriage Terms
- Material Culture
- Material Terms
- Measurement Terms
- Medial
- Medial Forms
- Medical Terms
- Mental Terms
- Metal Terms
- Metals
- Military
- Military Terms
- Moral Terms
- Motion Terms
- Movement Terms
- Music Terms
- Musical Terms
- Mythological Terms
- Name Terms
- Natural Features
- Natural Terms
- Natural World
- Negation
- Nocturnal Animals
- Nocturnal Terms
- Number System
- Number Terms
- Occupations
- Pastoral Terms
- Pasture Terms
- Path Terms
- Peoples
- Perception
- Perception Terms
- Performance Terms
- Person Terms
- Personal
- Philosophical Terms
- Physical Sensation
- Physical States
- Place Names
- Place Terms
- Plant Terms
- Political Terms
- Position Terms
- Precipitation
- Preparation Terms
- Process Terms
- Professional Terms
- Proximal
- Regional Terms
- Religious Terms
- Ritual Terms
- Rituals
- Sacred
- Sacred Terms
- Scholarly Terms
- Seasonal Terms
- Sensation Terms
- Sensory Terms
- Settlement Terms
- Size Terms
- Sky Terms
- Social Terms
- Sound Terms
- Spatial
- Spatial Terms
- Speech Terms
- Spirit Terms
- Spring Terms
- Stance Actions
- States of Matter
- Stone Terms
- Storage Terms
- Structure Terms
- Taboo Terms
- Tactile Properties
- Taste Terms
- Technical Terms
- Temporal
- Temporal States
- Timber Terms
- Time Terms
- Tool Terms
- Tool/Craft Terms
- Vehicle Terms
- Verbal Morphology
- Verbal Terms
- Visual Terms
- Water Features
- Water Terms
- Weapon Terms
- Weather Terms
- Wind Terms
- Wood Terms
- Writing Terms
Abstract Concepts
Section titled “Abstract Concepts”- 'imur /ʔi.mur/
- evil force (noun) [Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts]
- Proto-Hick *hi-muru
- Shows archaic animacy marking through glottal prefix
- 'it /ʔit/
- knot (in wood) (noun) — Specifically refers to natural knots in wood/lumber [Construction Terms, Natural Features]
- falsehood (noun) — Metaphorical extension from deviation in wood grain [Abstract Concepts]
- Proto-Hick *xitu
- etilsim /e.til.sim/
- everything changes/transforms (with implications of resignation/indifference) (adverb) — Often used as resigned response to change or loss [Abstract Concepts, Philosophical Terms]
- Shows lexicalization of translative case into expression of both transformation and resignation
- his /his/
- sight (animate/conscious perception) (noun, verb) [Perception, Sacred, Abstract Concepts]
- to see (passive/unintentional perception) (noun, verb) [Perception Terms, Basic Terms]
- Proto-Hick *hi-lisu
- im /im/
- evil, abstract negativity (noun) — Used for abstract concepts of evil/negativity [Sacred, Negation, Abstract Concepts]
- Proto-Hick *ʔimru
- im'ir /im.ʔir/
- ill intent, malice (noun) [Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts]
- Shows metaphorical extension of negative prefix with action root
- imurud /i.mu.rud/
- falsehood (noun) [Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts]
- Shows semantic extension from physical to abstract meaning
- sibris /si.bris/
- love (noun) [Abstract Concepts, Emotional Terms, Sacred Terms]
- Proto-Hick *hibrisu
- Metaphorical extension from 'fire' to 'passion/love'
- sinas /si.nas/
- drift, passage (noun) [Motion Terms, Maritime Terms, Abstract Concepts]
- Proto-Hick *senu-asa-u
- Literally 'floating through', shows typical compound reduction
- thil /θil/
- virtue, moral (noun) [Abstract Concepts, Sacred Terms, Moral Terms]
- Proto-Hick *halu
- Abstract sense developed from basic meaning
- torthil /tor.θil/
- arrogance, haughtiness (noun) [Abstract Concepts, Emotional Terms]
- Shows ironic compound formation - excessive virtue becoming a flaw
- wad /wad/
- path (noun) [Basic Terms]
- way, manner (noun) — Extended metaphorical meaning [Sacred, Philosophical Terms, Abstract Concepts]
- Proto-Hick *wadu
Abstract Terms
Section titled “Abstract Terms”- eter /e.ter/
- flow of things; correct ordering, sorting (noun) — Forms verb eter'er "to sort, arrange" [Abstract Terms, Motion Terms]
- Shows metaphorical extension of flow to proper arrangement
Action Terms
Section titled “Action Terms”- 'ilis /ʔi.lis/
- knowledge (noun) [Mental Terms, Perception Terms, Action Terms]
- Proto-Hick *hi-lisu
- Semantic extension from 'sight' to 'knowledge'
- 'ilisal /ʔi.li.sal/
- visit (a place) (noun) [Mental Terms, Action Terms, Motion Terms]
- experience personally (noun) [Mental Terms, Action Terms]
- confirm via experiment (noun) [Mental Terms, Action Terms]
- Shows semantic development from 'knowledge-person' to active experiential learning
- 'ilisimris /ʔi.li.sim.ris/
- to teach (verb) [Mental Terms, Social Terms, Action Terms]
- Shows productive use of ellative for causative meanings
- 'ilisimris'er /ʔi.li.sim.ris.ʔer/
- to teach (verb) [Knowledge Terms, Action Terms]
- Literally 'to cause knowledge to go out from', showing productive use of ellative for causative meanings
- 'irek /ʔi.rek/
- stand, firmness (noun) [Basic Terms, Position Terms, Action Terms]
- Proto-Hick *hi-reku
- Shows archaic animacy marking through glottal prefix
- haran /ha.ran/
- split, separate (noun) [Action Terms]
- divide (numbers) (noun) [Number System]
- Proto-Hick *haranu
- hilis /hi.lis/
- sight, active vision (noun) [Perception Terms, Action Terms, Basic Terms]
- sight, active vision (noun) [Perception Terms, Basic Terms]
- Proto-Hick *hilisu
- Forms two contrasting verbs: hilis'er (active looking) vs his'er (passive seeing)
- hisimris /hi.sim.ris/
- show (verb) — Contrasts with hilis'er 'to look' [Perception Terms, Action Terms]
- Shows productive use of ellative case for causative meanings
- imwes /im.wes/
- invade, encroach upon (verb) [Action Terms, Conflict Terms]
- Shows productive use of im- prefix for harmful actions
- mabarak /ma.ba.rak/
- march, collective walking (noun) [Motion Terms, Action Terms, Military Terms]
- Collective motion from plural marker
- takimris /ta.kim.ris/
- to attack, to oppose (verb) [Action Terms, Conflict Terms]
- Shows development of aggressive meaning through ellative case
- trask'er /tras.kʔer/
- to run (verb) [Motion Terms, Action Terms]
- Shows semantic extension from body part to motion
- us /us/
- grasp, possession (noun) [Basic Terms, Action Terms]
- Proto-Hick *ʔulu-isu
- Developed from locative form of *ʔulu (~400 PF) specializing in 'grasp' meaning
Action Verbs
Section titled “Action Verbs”Agricultural Terms
Section titled “Agricultural Terms”- 'ibrigral /ʔib.ri.gral/
- farmlands, cultivated fields (noun) [Agricultural Terms, Landscape Terms]
- Shows development from fertilization practice to agricultural land
- saresp /sa.resp/
- sprout (noun) [Flora Terms, Agricultural Terms]
- Metaphorical extension of hidden leaf beneath; reflects cultural view of growth as emergence from concealment
- sedter /sed.ter/
- planting time (noun) [Flora, Plant Terms, Rituals, Seasonal Terms, Agricultural Terms]
Animal Terms
Section titled “Animal Terms”- belnes /bel.nes/
- mouthed fish (noun) [Animal Terms, Fish Terms]
- Descriptive compound based on physical feature
- dak /dak/
- snake (noun) [Animal Terms, Basic Terms]
- Proto-Hick *daluku
- From root meaning "slither", forms verb dak'er "to slither"
- dorren /dor.ren/
- pack deer (noun) [Animal Terms, Basic Terms]
- Descriptive compound based on behavior
- imtirduok /im.tir.du.ok/
- scavenger (noun) — Applies to both animals and birds [Animal Terms, Basic Terms]
- Shows formation pattern of "carrion-eater" common across languages
- krakrak /kra.krak/
- fang (noun) [Body Terms, Animal Terms]
- Shows nasal deletion in compound. Forms specialized term contrasting with general krak 'tooth'
- limur /li.mur/
- small owl (noun) [Bird Terms, Animal Terms]
- Triggers reduction in following syllables
- rek /rek/
- bark (of dog/wolf) (noun) — Basic term for canine vocalization [Sound Terms, Animal Terms]
- Proto-Hick *reku
- Shows onomatopoeic origin from sound of canine bark
- temerok /te.me.rok/
- killer, murderer (noun) [Basic Terms, Social Terms]
- predator (noun) [Animal Terms, Basic Terms]
- Shows metaphorical formation 'death-bringer' for both human killers and predatory animals
Animals
Section titled “Animals”- aniko /a.ni.ko/
- animal (general term) (noun) [Animals, Basic Terms]
- Proto-Hick *xani-kostu
- Shows semantic extension from descriptive 'four-legged' to general term for animal
- grapar /gra.par/
- earthworm (noun) [Animals, Earth Terms]
- Shows descriptive compound formation based on movement
- mer /mer/
- bird (noun) [Animals, Bird Terms]
- parent (noun) — Extended meaning through cultural metaphor [Kinship Terms]
- Proto-Hick *meru
- momer /mo.mer/
- chicken (noun) [Animals, Basic Terms]
- Shows semantic development where negated 'bird' specifies flightless bird
- murmer /mur.mer/
- night-bird, owl (noun) [Birds, Animals, Nocturnal Animals]
- night-bird, owl (noun) [Bird Terms, Nocturnal Animals]
- night-bird, owl (noun) [Bird Terms, Nocturnal Animals]
- night-bird, owl (noun) [Bird Terms, Nocturnal Animals]
- sumerok /su.me.rok/
- goat (noun) — Shows compound reduction and metaphorical extension through agentive marking [Animals]
- torba /tor.ba/
- goat (noun) — Shows metaphorical extension linking goats to mountains and paternal authority [Fauna, Animals, Pastoral Terms]
- vinusak /vi.nu.sak/
- dog (noun) — Basic term for domesticated canines [Animals, Domestic Animals]
- domesticated wolf (noun) — Technical/historical sense reflecting origin [Animals, Domestic Animals]
- Shows recognition of dogs as domesticated wolves through compound formation
Architecture
Section titled “Architecture”- bel /bel/
- mouth, opening (noun) [Body Parts, Maritime Terms, Architecture]
- Proto-Hick *belu
- Basic term for mouth/opening