Kalassarian
Phonology
Section titled “Phonology”Vowel System
Section titled “Vowel System”| Short | Long |
|---|---|
| i | iː |
| e | eː |
| a | aː |
| o | oː |
| u | uː |
- Diphthongs: ae, au, ei, eu
- Length is phonemic
- Unstressed vowel reduction rare (unlike Seneran)
Consonant System
Section titled “Consonant System”| Labial | Dental | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stops | p b | t d | k g | |
| Fricatives | f | s | h | |
| Nasals | m | n | ||
| Liquids | l r | |||
| Glides | w | j |
Syllable Structure
Section titled “Syllable Structure”- (C)(C)V(C)(C)
- Heavy syllables: CVː, CVN, CVC
- Light syllables: CV
- Stress determined by weight
Morphology
Section titled “Morphology”Noun Cases
Section titled “Noun Cases”- Nominative (-us, -a, -um)
- Accusative (-um, -am, -um)
- Genitive (-i, -ae, -i)
- Dative (-o, -ae, -o)
- Ablative (-o, -a, -o)
Declension Example
Section titled “Declension Example”- First Declension (fem. -a)
- porta (nom.) “port”
- portam (acc.)
- portae (gen.)
- portae (dat.)
- porta (abl.)
- Second Declension (masc. -us)
- ritmus (nom.) “ritual”
- ritmum (acc.)
- ritmi (gen.)
- ritmo (dat.)
- ritmo (abl.)
Verb System
Section titled “Verb System”Tenses
Section titled “Tenses”- Present: -o, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt
- Perfect: -i, -isti, -it, -imus, -istis, -erunt
- Future: -bo/-am, -bis/-es, -bit/-et
- Imperfect: -bam, -bas, -bat
Conjugation Example
Section titled “Conjugation Example”- porto “I carry”
- Present: porto, portas, portat, portamus, portatis, portant
- Perfect: portavi, portavisti, portavit…
- Future: portabo, portabis, portabit…
- ritmo “I perform ritual”
- Present: ritmo, ritmas, ritmat, ritmamus, ritmatis, ritmant
- Perfect: ritmavi, ritmavisti, ritmavit…
Word Formation
Section titled “Word Formation”Suffixes
Section titled “Suffixes”- -anus: relating to (silvanus “of the forest”)
- -arius: occupation (ritmarius “ritual specialist”)
- -ensis: place of origin (portensis “of the port”)
- -icus: characteristic (ritmicus “ritual-like”)
Compounds
Section titled “Compounds”- Noun+Noun: silvaporta “forest gate”
- Adj+Noun: altamontis “high mountain”
- Noun+Verb: ritmafacio “perform ritual”
Basic Vocabulary
Section titled “Basic Vocabulary”Geographic Terms
Section titled “Geographic Terms”- portus [por.tus]
- “port, harbor”
surrata [sur.ra.ta]
- “safe harbor, protected landing”
tonum [to.num]
- “settlement, established place”
burrium [bur.ri.um]
- “fortified place, stronghold”
cervus [ker.wus]
- “deer (genus)”
ursus [ur.sus]
- “bear (genus)”
canis [ka.nis]
- “wolf, dog (genus)”
aquilus [a.kwi.lus]
- “eagle”
larus [la.rus]
- “seabird, gull”
altorus [al.to.rus]
- “highland, mountainous”
paluster [pa.lus.ter]
- “marshy, wetland”
terrenus [ter.re.nus]
- “earthen, of the earth”
silvanus [sil.wa.nus]
- “forested, of the forest”
montanus [mon.ta.nus]
- “mountainous, of the mountains”
- maritimus [ma.ri.ti.mus]
- “maritime, of the sea”
Animal Classification
Section titled “Animal Classification”Descriptive Terms
Section titled “Descriptive Terms”Academic and Magical Terms
Section titled “Academic and Magical Terms”- ritma [rit.ma]
- “systematic magical practice, formal methodology”
- From earlier *ritus-ma “ritual method”
ritus [ri.tus]
- “ritual, formal procedure”
planar [pla.nar]
- “of the planes, dimensional”
proficientia [pro.fi.ki.en.ti.a]
- “mastery, skill level”
- Modern Seneran: proficence
- ritmaticus [rit.ma.ti.kus]
- “one who studies or practices ritma”
Compound Terms
Section titled “Compound Terms”Basic Vocabulary
Section titled “Basic Vocabulary”Geographic Terms
Section titled “Geographic Terms”- terra [ter.ra]
- “earth, land”
mons [mons]
- “mountain”
- pl. montes
flumen [flu.men]
- “river”
- pl. flumina
insula [in.su.la]
- “island”
vallis [wal.lis]
- “valley”
caelus [kae.lus]
- “sky, heavens”
ventus [wen.tus]
- “wind”
pluvia [plu.wi.a]
- “rain”
tempestas [tem.pes.tas]
- “storm, weather”
aestas [aes.tas]
- “summer”
hiems [hi.ems]
- “winter”
vernus [wer.nus]
- “spring”
autumnus [au.tum.nus]
- “autumn”
vicus [wi.kus]
- “village”
urbs [urbs]
- “city”
via [wi.a]
- “road, way”
pons [pons]
- “bridge”
- pl. pontes
imperium [im.pe.ri.um]
- “command, empire”
senatus [se.na.tus]
- “council, senate”
provincia [pro.win.ki.a]
- “province”
legio [le.gi.o]
- “legion”
castrum [kas.trum]
- “fort”
- pl. castra “military camp”
bellum [bel.lum]
- “war”
mercator [mer.ka.tor]
- “merchant”
forum [fo.rum]
- “marketplace”
pretium [pre.ti.um]
- “price, value”
sacerdos [sa.ker.dos]
- “priest”
templum [tem.plum]
- “temple”
- auspicium [aus.pi.ki.um]
- “divination, omen”
Weather and Sky Terms
Section titled “Weather and Sky Terms”Time and Season Terms
Section titled “Time and Season Terms”Human Settlements
Section titled “Human Settlements”Political Terms
Section titled “Political Terms”Military Terms
Section titled “Military Terms”Trade Terms
Section titled “Trade Terms”Religious/Ritual Terms
Section titled “Religious/Ritual Terms”Extended Vocabulary
Section titled “Extended Vocabulary”Trade and Commerce Terms
Section titled “Trade and Commerce Terms”- negotium [ne.go.ti.um]
- “business, trade”
merx [merks]
- “goods, merchandise”
- pl. merces
portitor [por.ti.tor]
- “customs officer, toll collector”
taberna [ta.ber.na]
- “shop, store”
nundinae [nun.di.nae]
- “market day, fair”
pecunia [pe.ku.ni.a]
- “money” (from earlier “cattle wealth”)
contractus [kon.trak.tus]
- “agreement, contract”
vectigal [wek.ti.gal]
- “tax, duty”
ager [a.ger]
- “field, farmland”
- pl. agri
seges [se.ges]
- “crop, grain field”
- pl. segetes
hortus [hor.tus]
- “garden”
vinea [wi.ne.a]
- “vineyard”
arator [a.ra.tor]
- “plowman, farmer”
messor [mes.sor]
- “harvester”
frumentum [fru.men.tum]
- “grain, wheat”
hordeum [hor.de.um]
- “barley”
avena [a.we.na]
- “oats”
aratrum [a.ra.trum]
- “plow”
falx [falks]
- “sickle”
- pl. falces
rastrum [ras.trum]
- “rake, hoe”
- pl. rastra
pecus [pe.kus]
- “livestock, cattle”
- pl. pecora
grex [greks]
- “herd, flock”
- pl. greges
pastor [pas.tor]
- “shepherd”
- bubulcus [bu.bul.kus]
- “cattle herder”