Proto-Hick Lexicon
Basic Vocabulary
*heru : action : Note: Source of Early Hick 'ir and verbalizer suffix -'er
*taku : strike, impact : Note: Onomatopoeic origin. Source of Early Hick tak
*xasamu : rest, resting place : Note: Source of Early Hick asam and subessive case marker -asam
*baha : rhythmic head motion : Note: Source of Early Hick ba "nod, agree"
*haka : what : Note: Basic question root, shows archaic animacy marking. Source of Early Hick 'aka
hi-halu : good, kind : Note: Shows animacy prefixhi-. Source of Early Hick 'il
*venu : yoke, burden : Note: Source of Early Hick ven and vin "pregnancy"
*storu : grow; and : Note: Source of Early Hick ru "and" through grammaticalization
*takutaku : rhythm : Note: Onomatopoeic reduplication. Source of Early Hick takutak
Flora & Fauna
*risu : reed : Note: Source of Early Hick ris
*wudu : wood, tree : Note: Source of Early Hick wud
*grasu : grass : Note: Source of Early Hick gras
*sedu : seed : Note: Source of Early Hick sed
*kelu : leaf : Note: Source of Early Hick kel
*bahu lu-haranu : branch : Note: Literally "split from father". Source of Early Hick bran
*hasa : vine : Note: Source of Early Hick asa
*wenu : flower : Note: Source of Early Hick wen
Body Parts
*tagu : hand : Note: Source of Early Hick tag
*melisu : heart : Note: Source of Early Hick mes
*daluku : stomach, gut : Note: Source of Early Hick dak
*piru : ear : Note: Source of Early Hick pir
*karu : nose : Note: Source of Early Hick kar
*kraku : tooth : Note: Source of Early Hick krak
*kunu : knee : Note: Source of Early Hick kun
*sulu : liver : Note: Source of Early Hick sul
*kolu : neck : Note: Source of Early Hick kol
*retu : arm : Note: Source of Early Hick ret
*tarasaku : leg : Note: Source of Early Hick trask
*waka : breast : Note: Source of Early Hick wak
Numbers and Counting
*senu : one : Note: Source of Early Hick sin
*tiru : two : Note: Source of Early Hick tir
*thalu : three : Note: Source of Early Hick thal
*xanu-inu : four : Note: Source of Early Hick anin. Shows counting form suffix
*pilu : five : Note: Source of Early Hick pil
*seku : six : Note: Source of Early Hick sek
*pran-inu : seven : Note: Source of Early Hick pran. Shows counting form suffix
*kresu : eight : Note: Source of Early Hick kres
*sin-kresu : nine : Note: Source of Early Hick sinkres. Literally "one-eight"
*tir-kresu : ten : Note: Source of Early Hick tirkres. Literally "two-eight"
*kethu : hundred : Note: Source of Early Hick keth
*thran-inu : thousand : Note: Source of Early Hick thran. Shows counting form suffix
Kinship Terms
*bahu : father : Note: Source of Early Hick ba
*nahi : mother : Note: Source of Early Hick nai
*meru : parent : Note: Source of Early Hick mer. Shows metaphorical extension from bird terminology
*li-su : child : Note: Source of Early Hick lis. Literally "little one"
Natural Elements
*brisu : heat, fire : Note: Source of Early Hick bris. Forms compounds for passion/emotion
*miru : cold : Note: Source of Early Hick mir
*ai : water : Note: Source of Early Hick ai. Maintains form in compounds
*haru : air, sky : Note: Source of Early Hick thir. Shows semantic extension to "elder"
*gralu : earth, soil : Note: Source of Early Hick gral. Forms sacred compounds
Demonstratives
*'isa : this (proximal-visible-animate) : Note: Source of Early Hick -'is
*isa : this (proximal-visible-inanimate) : Note: Source of Early Hick -is
*tana : that (medial-visible-animate) : Note: Source of Early Hick -tan
*ena : that (medial-visible-inanimate) : Note: Source of Early Hick -en
*etha : that (medial-hidden-animate) : Note: Source of Early Hick -eth
*thira : that (medial-hidden-inanimate) : Note: Source of Early Hick -thir
*uma : that (distal-animate) : Note: Source of Early Hick -um
*urum : that (distal-inanimate) : Note: Source of Early Hick -rum
Emotional and Mental Terms
*hibrisu : fire, passion : Note: Source of Early Hick sibris "romantic love"
*meru-risu : heart-towards : Note: Source of Early Hick meris "unconditional love"
*daluku-isa-hihasa : snake-in-vine : Note: Source of Early Hick dakisa "infatuation". Shows metaphorical extension
*hi-meru : good-heart : Note: Source of Early Hick 'imer "life". Shows animacy prefix
Derivational Elements
*toru : great (augmentative) : Note: Source of Early Hick tor-. Forms compounds for large entities
*lisu : small (diminutive) : Note: Source of Early Hick li-. Forms compounds for small entities
*kasa : like, similar to : Note: Source of Early Hick ka-. Develops into general adjectivizer
*oku : agent, doer : Note: Source of Early Hick -ok. Forms agent nouns
Sacred and Ritual Terms
*thralu : sacred, holy : Note: Source of Early Hick thral. Forms compounds for ritual spaces
*kulu : magic, supernatural power : Note: Source of Early Hick kul. Used in ritual contexts
*hi-meru-thiru : good-heart-air : Note: Source of Early Hick 'imerithir "spirit". Shows animacy prefix and compound formation
Negative Terms
*'imru : evil, abstract negativity : Note: Source of Early Hick im. Forms compounds for harmful concepts
*hi-muru : evil force (animate) : Note: Source of Early Hick 'imur. Shows animacy prefix
*imur-malu : evil-pool : Note: Source of Early Hick imurmal "cursed waters". Shows compound formation
Tactile Properties
*kasa-garu : stone-like : Note: Source of Early Hick kagar "hard". Shows similative formation
*kasa-waka : breast-like : Note: Source of Early Hick kawak "soft". Shows cultural metaphor
*brisu : heat : Note: Source of Early Hick bris. Forms temperature terms
*miru : cold : Note: Source of Early Hick mir. Forms temperature terms
Action Terms
*haranu : split, divide : Note: Source of Early Hick haran. Shows regular final vowel loss
*wardu : direct, guide : Note: Source of Early Hick ward. Forms compounds for travel terms
*gnaru : correct : Note: Source of Early Hick gnar
*etilu : thing : Note: Source of Early Hick etil. Basic term for inanimate objects
*xaru : cut : Note: Source of Early Hick ar. Shows initial fricative loss
*xaru-uma : cut-towards : Note: Source of Early Hick arum "sketch, draw" through semantic extension
*heru-lumuru : act-empty : Note: Source of Early Hick 'irur "hollow" through compound fusion
*heru lu xiru : move through ore : Note: Source of Early Hick 'ihir "mine". Shows development of mining terminology
Motion Terms
*baraku : walking, gait : Note: Source of Early Hick barak
*senu : float : Note: Source of Early Hick sin. Forms compounds for aerial motion
*paru-heru : belly-motion : Note: Source of Early Hick par "crawl" through compound reduction
Speech and Sound Terms
*bresu-belu : shout-mouth : Note: Source of Early Hick bresubel "shout, yell"
*'uhu-'uhu : cry (onomatopoeic) : Note: Source of Early Hick 'u'u. Shows reduplication pattern
Maritime Terms
*mater : boat : Note: Source of Early Hick mater and compounds like materok "boatman"
Learning Terms
*hilisu : sight, knowledge : Note: Source of Early Hick hilis/ilis. Shows dialectal variation
Position Terms
*hi-reku : stand, firmness : Note: Source of Early Hick 'irek "stand, firmness". Shows animacy prefix
Construction Terms
*venu-wudu : burden-wood : Note: Source of Early Hick vinud "building, dwelling"
Animal Terms
*muru-meru : night-bird : Note: Source of Early Hick murmer. Shows reduplication pattern
*saku : wolf : Note: Source of Early Hick sak
*graparu : worm : Note: Source of Early Hick grapar
Time Terms
*thralu : day, sacred time : Note: Source of Early Hick thral. Forms compounds for ritual periods
Container Terms
*'irur : hollow, container : Note: Source of Early Hick 'irur. Forms compounds for gifts and vessels
Compound Elements
*ma- : plural marker : Note: Source of Early Hick ma-. Develops into collective marker
*hi- : animacy prefix : Note: Source of Early Hick glottal stop ('). Marks animate beings
*-isu : locative suffix : Note: Source of Early Hick -is. Forms place terms
*-inu : counting form suffix : Note: Source of Early Hick -in. Used in number formation
Compound Terms
*hi-etilu : animate-thing : Note: Source of Early Hick 'etil "living thing". Shows animacy prefix
*venu-sedu : burden-seed : Note: Source of Early Hick vinused "pregnancy" in inland dialects
*telu-himeru : end-life : Note: Source of Early Hick temer "death" through compound reduction
Maritime and Water Terms
*malu : pool, standing water : Note: Source of Early Hick mal. Forms compounds for water features
Person Terms
*hi-meru-thiru : good-heart-air : Note: Source of Early Hick 'imerithir "spirit". Shows animacy prefix and compound formation
*'alu : person : Note: Source of Early Hick 'al. Shows animacy prefix retention
Compound Elements
*lu : genitive marker : Note: Source of Early Hick possessive constructions. Shows grammaticalization
*-asa : perlative case : Note: Source of Early Hick -as. Used in motion compounds
*-itar : superessive case : Note: Source of Early Hick -itar. Used in position terms
*-las : illative case : Note: Source of Early Hick -las. Used in motion compounds
*-imris : ellative case : Note: Source of Early Hick -imris. Used in motion compounds
Bird Terms
*murmer : owl : Note: Source of Early Hick murmer. Shows reduplication pattern