Early Hick Lexicon
Early Hick Lexicon
The Early Hick lexicon, as attested, consists of mostly noun forms. These nouns can represent a wide range of meanings, including actions, properties, or relationships, which are traditionally the domain of verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in other languages.
For grammatical information and language overview, see Early Hick.
Historical Sound Changes
For Proto-Hick vowel harmony and its development into Early Hick, see: Proto-Hick Phonological Processes
For stress-related vowel changes, see: Vowel Allophony
Usage Notes
- Cross-references are marked with →
- Etymologies are shown in parentheses
- Compound derivations are marked with <
- Example sentences show full morphological analysis
- Apostrophes (') are used to transcribe glottal stops in phonemic transcriptions
Action Terms
Basic Actions
'ir [ʔir] : movement, motion : action : Proto-Hick *heru → 'ir : (initial fricative change, final vowel loss) : Note: Source of verbalizer suffix -'er through grammaticalization. Forms basic verb 'ir'er "to do"
tag'er [tag.ʔer] : to make, to craft : tag-'er "hand-VERB" → tag'er :(compound fusion) : Note: Shows concrete development from manual action to general creation. Contrasts with abstract 'ir'er "to do". See: Body Parts
Physical Actions
tak [tak] : strike, impact : Proto-Hick *taku → tak (final vowel loss) : Note: Onomatopoeic origin
krak'er [krak.ʔer] : to bite < krak-'er "tooth-VERB" → krak'er : (verbalizer suffix)
Perceptual Actions
thren [θren] : watch, observe : Proto-Hick *threnu → thren : (final vowel loss) : Note: Basic perception verb
hilis [hi.lis] : sight, active vision : Proto-Hick *hilisu → hilis : (final vowel loss) : Note: Forms two contrasting verbs: : - hilis'er "to look" (active/intentional seeing) : - his'er "to see" (passive/unintentional perception)
pir'er [pir.ʔer] : to listen : pir-'er "ear-VERB" → pir'er : (compound fusion) : Note: Active perception verb. See: Body Parts
pirlas'er [pir.las.ʔer] : to hear : pir-las-'er "ear-ILL-VERB" → pirlas'er : (compound fusion) : Note: Passive perception verb using illative to mark reception of sound. Contrasts with active pir'er "listen". See: Body Parts
kar'er [kar.ʔer] : to smell : kar-'er "nose-VERB" → kar'er : (verbalizer suffix)
Motion Actions
'ir [ʔir] : movement, motion;action : Proto-Hick *heru → 'ir : (initial fricative change, final vowel loss) : Note: Source of verbalizer suffix -'er through grammaticalization
'irur [ʔi.rur] : repetition, again : Proto-Hick heru-heru → 'irur : (initial fricative change, compound reduction) : Note: From reduplicated form ofheru "action". Forms grammaticalized iterative marker -rur/-ur through phonological reduction
sinas [si.nas] : play; drift, passage : Proto-Hick *senu-asa-u → sinas : (final vowel loss, compound fusion) : Note: From *senu "float" + *asa (PERL) + *u (NOM), literally "floating through" : Primary meaning: "play", connected to free movement : Secondary meaning: "drift", related to play
barak [ba.rak] : walking, gait : Proto-Hick *baraku → barak : (final vowel loss) : Note: Forms verb barak'er "to walk" with -'er suffix
mabarak [ma.ba.rak] : march, collective walking : ma-barak → mabarak : (compound fusion) : Note: From plural marker + "walk", forms verb mabarak'er "to march". See also barak "walk"
sin [sin] : floating : Proto-Hick *senu → sin : (final vowel loss) : Note: Forms verb sin'er "to float". See also Maritime Terms
dak [dak] : snake : Proto-Hick *daluku → dak : (medial liquid loss, vowel reduction) : Note: From root meaning "slither", forms verb dak'er "to slither"
norath [no.raθ] : to ride (a mount) : Eldrim nortʰa "to make run" → norath : (borrowed term) : Note: Early borrowing from Eldrim, shows cultural contact predating widespread horse domestication. : See: Animal Terms, Motion Actions
trask'er [tras.kʔer] : to run : trask-'er "leg-VERB" → trask'er : (verbalizer suffix) : Note: Shows typical body part → action semantic extension. Forms common compounds: istrask'er "run out", lastrask'er "run in". : See: Motion Actions, Body Parts
sinthir [sin.θir] : fly : sin-thir "float-air" → sinthir : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows metaphorical extension of floating motion to aerial movement. : See: Motion Actions, Basic Terms
Bodily/Life Actions
vinuimris [vi.nu.im.ris] : to give birth : vinu + imris (ELL) → vinuimris : (case lexicalization)
venuiter [ve.nu.i.ter] : to give birth : venu-iter "burden-ELL.DIAL" : (dialectal case) : Note: Inland dialect form preserved in formal greetings, showing retention of older forms away from maritime influence : Note: Sacred term for childbirth
murvinuiter [mur.vi.nu.i.ter] : to abort : mur + vinuiter → murvinuiter : (compound fusion) : Note: Literally "from night-birth"
Consumption Actions
gras [gras] : grass : Proto-Hick *grasu → gras : (final vowel loss) : Note: Forms verb gras'er "to graze", typically of animals feeding
ter [ter] : flow, fluid motion : Proto-Hick *teru → ter : (final vowel loss) : Note: Forms verb ter'er "to drink". Flow meanings use directional affixes instead
sinibel [si.ni.bel] : taste : sin-ibel "float-tongue" → sinibel : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows metaphorical extension of floating motion to sensory perception : See: Taste Terms, Body Parts
Position/Stance Actions
'irek [ʔi.rek] : stand; firmness : Proto-Hick *hi-reku → 'irek : (initial fricative change) : Note: Shows archaic animacy prefix, forms verb 'irek'er "to stand"
asamitar [a.sa.mi.tar] : to sit, rest upon : asam-itar "rest-SUPER" → asamitar : (case lexicalization) : Note: From asam "rest, resting place" with superessive case, literally "rest upon". Shows common pattern of case suffixes becoming lexicalized into verbs. : See: Position/Stance Actions, Basic Terms
asamasam [a.sa.ma.sam] : to lie down : asam-asam "rest-SUBE" → asamasam : (case lexicalization) : Note: From asam "rest" with subessive case -asam, literally "rest downward". Shows parallel formation to asamitar "sit". : See: Position/Stance Actions
Magical/Sacred Actions
kul'er [kul.ʔer] : to perform magic : kul + -'er → kul'er : (verbalizer suffix) : Note: Used in ritual contexts
Emotional/Mental Actions
sibris [si.bris] : romantic love : Proto-Hick *hibrisu "fire" → sibris : (initial fricative change) : Note: Metaphorical extension from "fire" to "passion/love" : See: Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts
meris [me.ris] : unconditional love : Proto-Hick *meru-risu → meris : (compound fusion) : Note: From "heart-towards", metaphorical extension to deep, lasting emotional bond. Shows archaic lative case usage. : See: Abstract Concepts, Case System
gnater [gna.ter] : desire : gnar-ter "correct-flow" → gnater : (compound fusion) : Note: Forms grammaticalized desiderative suffix -nat through phonological reduction : See: Basic Terms, Grammatical Terms
'ilis [ʔi.lis] : knowledge : dialectal borrowing with animacy prefix : Note: Borrowed alongside hilis, shows stative/abstract development of perception root : Forms agent noun 'ilisok "teacher"
'ilisimris'er [ʔi.li.sim.ris.ʔer] : to teach : 'ilis-imris "knowledge-ELL" → 'ilisimris'er : (case lexicalization) : Note: Literally "to cause knowledge to go out from", showing productive use of ellative for causative meanings. Forms agent noun 'ilisimrisok "teacher"
imlis [im.lis] : fear, dread : im-lis "evil-see" → imlis : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows semantic development from "seeing evil" to general fear. Forms verb imlis'er "to fear". Contrasts with hilis "sight" and 'ilis "knowledge" : See: Emotional Terms, Perception Terms
imasam [i.ma.sam] : to cower, hide from fear : im-asam "evil-rest" → imasam : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows metaphorical extension of "resting under" to fearful hiding. Forms agent noun imasamok "coward" : See: Emotional Terms, Position Terms
imlisrur [im.lis.rur] : anxiety, constant fear : imlis-rur "fear-ITER" → imlisrur : (iterative suffix) : Note: Shows semantic extension of iterative aspect to ongoing mental state. Forms verb imlisrur'er "to be anxious". Contrasts with acute imlis "fear" : See: Mental States, Emotional Terms
imlis'er [im.li.sʔer] : to flee, run from fear : imlis-'er "fear-VERB" → imlis'er : (verbalizer suffix) : Note: Shows development of fear emotion to motion verb. Contrasts with neutral trask'er "run (neutral)" : See: Motion Verbs
imlisitar [im.li.si.tar] : to flinch, startle : imlis-itar "fear-SUPE" → imlisitar : (case lexicalization) : Note: Shows development of superessive case to indicate sudden upward motion : See: Motion Verbs, Case System
Construction/Dwelling Actions
vinud [vi.nud] : building, dwelling : Proto-Hick *venu-wudu → vinud : (compound fusion) : Note: From 'burden' + 'wood', forms verb vinud'er "to build, to dwell"
Tool/Craft Actions
ar [ar] : cut, cutting action : Proto-Hick *xaru → ar : (initial fricative loss, final vowel loss) : Note: Forms verb ar'er "to cut"
arum [a.rum] : sketch; draw : Proto-Hick *xaru-uma → arum : (initial fricative loss, compound fusion) : Note: From "cut" with archaic allative case, showing semantic extension from physical cutting to artistic marking
'irur [ʔi.rur] : hollow : Proto-Hick *heru-lumuru → 'irur : (compound fusion) : Note: Derived from "act of emptying," reflecting the concept of hollowness
'ihir [ʔi.hir] : to mine (for ore) : Proto-Hick *heru lu xiru → 'ihir : (compound fusion) : Note: Literally "move through ore", shows development of specialized mining terminology
Conflict Actions
imwes [im.wes] : invade, encroach upon : im-wes "evil-enclose" → imwes : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows productive use of im- prefix for harmful actions. Forms verb imwes'er : See: Action Terms, Conflict Terms
Core Semantic Fields
Basic Terms
Basic Terms
haran [ha.ran] : split, divide : Proto-Hick *haranu → haran : (final vowel loss, stress shift) : See: Proto-Hick Phonological Processes
ward [ward] : direct, guide; travel with : Proto-Hick *wardu → ward : (final vowel loss) : See: Sacred Terms
tak [tak] : strike, impact; right (direction) : Proto-Hick *taku → tak : (final vowel loss) : Note: Onomatopoeic origin; directional sense from cultural association with dominant striking hand : See: Directional Terms
stor [stor] : grow; add, increment : Proto-Hick *storu → stor : (final vowel loss) : Note: Mathematical sense developed from basic meaning "grow" : See: Sacred Terms
'imer [ʔi.mer] : life : Proto-Hick *hi-mer → 'imer : (animacy prefix) : See: Spirit Terms
temer [te.mer] : death : Proto-Hick *telu-himeru → temer : (compound reduction) : Note: Literally "end of life" : See: Spirit Terms, Sacred Terms
istor [is.tor] : growth (living) : Proto-Hick *hi-storu → istor : (initial sibilant loss, final vowel loss) : See: Sacred Terms
gnar [gnar] : correct : Proto-Hick *gnaru → gnar : (final vowel loss) : See: Sacred Terms
etil [e.til] : thing : Proto-Hick *etilu → etil : (final vowel loss) : See: Basic Terms
'etil [ʔe.til] : living thing : Proto-Hick *hi-etilu → 'etil : (animacy prefix) : Note: Shows animacy marking through glottal prefix : See: Spirit Terms, Sacred Terms
'il [ʔil] : good, kind : Proto-Hick *hi-halu → 'il : (initial fricative change, vowel coalescence) : Note: Shows archaic animacy marking through glottal prefix : See: Sacred Terms, Basic Terms
ven [ven] : yoke, burden : Proto-Hick *venu → ven : (final vowel loss) : See: Basic Terms, Tool Terms
vin [vin] : pregnancy : Proto-Hick *venu "yoke" → vinu : (compound reduction) : Inland dialects use vinused < *venu-sedu "burden-seed" : See: Body Parts, Sacred Terms
pak [pak] : poke : Proto-Hick *paku → pak : (final vowel loss) : See: Tool Terms
asam [a.səm] : rest, resting place : Proto-Hick *xasamu : Note: Shows regular voiced glottal fricative loss. Source of subessive case marker -asam "under, beneath" through metaphorical extension of "resting place" : See: Body Parts for compound vinusam "shoulder"
wes [wes] : cover, enclose : Proto-Hick *wesu → wes : (final vowel loss) : Note: Basic term for enclosure/covering. Forms compounds for containers : Examples: : - wes'er "to cover, enclose" (with verbalizer -'er) : - kawes "enclosed" (with adjectival ka-)
ewes [e.wes] : together with; together : Proto-Hick ʔelu-lawes → ewes : (compound fusion) : Note: From instrumentalʔelu "by means of" + *lawes "consume", showing semantic development from "consuming with" to general accompaniment : Functions both as pre-absolutive adverbial marker and independent lexical item : See: Basic Terms, Grammatical Terms
'ibri ['ib.ri] : excrement, manure : Proto-Hick *'ibari → 'ibri : (vowel loss) : Note: Basic term for excrement. Forms compounds for agricultural uses : See: Basic Terms, Agricultural Terms
ul [ul] : grasp; possess, own : Proto-Hick *ʔulu → ul : (initial glottal loss, final vowel loss) : Note: Source of possessive suffix -ul through grammaticalization. Forms verb ul'er "to grasp, to own" : See: Basic Terms, Grammatical Terms
Basic Properties
kator [ka.tor] : massive, heavy : ka-tor "peak-like" → kator : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows metaphorical extension from height to mass/weight : See: Basic Properties, Landforms
kali [ka.li] : light, small : ka-li "small-like" → kali : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows reanalysis of diminutive prefix as independent root : See: Basic Properties, Augmentative/Diminutive
Derived Terms
ven'er [ven.ʔer] : to carry : ven-'er "yoke-VERB" → ven'er : (verbalizer suffix)
venitar [ve.ni.tar] : to lift : ven-itar "yoke-SUPER" → venitar : (superessive case) : Note: Lexicalized from superessive case of "yoke" : See: Verbal Terms
venuiter [vi.nu.i.ter] : to give birth : venu-itar "pregnancy-ELL" → venuiter : (ellative case) : Note: Lexicalized from ellative case of "pregnancy" : See: Verbal Terms, Sacred Terms
kabrast [ka.brast] : skilled with hands : ka-brast "like-dominant.arm" → kabrast : (compound fusion) : Note: Specifically for craft skills requiring hand coordination; does not extend to martial or athletic dexterity : See: Body Parts
brastok [bras.tok] : craftsman : brast-ok "dominant.arm-AGENT" → brastok : (compound fusion) : Note: General term for skilled artisans. Shows cultural link between dominant hand and craft skills : See: Body Parts
asamitar [a.sa.mi.tar] : to sit, rest upon : asam-itar "rest-SUPER" → asamitar : (case lexicalization) : Note: From asam "rest, resting place" with superessive case, literally "rest upon". Shows common pattern of case suffixes becoming lexicalized into verbs : See: Position/Stance Actions, Basic Terms
litil [li.til] : small thing : li-etil "DIM-thing" → litil : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows productive use of diminutive prefix with basic noun : See: Basic Terms, Augmentative/Diminutive
Conjunctions
ru [ru] : and : Proto-Hick *storu → ru : Note: Grammaticalized from "grow" sense through semantic bleaching : See: Basic Terms
Derived Terms
takutak [ˈta.ku.tək] : rhythm : Proto-Hick *takutaku → takutak : (final vowel loss) : Note: Preserves onomatopoeic reduplication
Interrogatives
Basic Forms
'aka [ʔa.ka] : what : Proto-Hick *haka → 'aka : (initial fricative change) : Note: Basic question root, shows archaic animacy marking
Proximal Forms
'alis [ʔa.lis] : who : 'aka-'al-is "who" (what-person-PROX.ANIM) : Note: Used for visible/known referents and confirmation
'atal [ʔa.tal] : where : 'aka-tal-is "where" (what-place-PROX.INAN)
'atel [ʔa.tel] : when : 'aka-tel-is "when" (what-time-PROX.INAN)
'aker [ʔa.ker] : how : 'aka-'er-is "how" (what-VERB-PROX.INAN)
Medial Forms
'aleth [ʔa.leθ] : who : 'aka-'al-eth "who" (sensed person) : Note: Used for heard/sensed but not seen referents
'ateth [ʔa.teθ] : where : 'aka-tal-eth "where" (sensed location)
'ateleth [ʔe.te.leθ] : when : 'aka-tel-eth "when" (sensed time)
'akereth [ʔa.ke.reθ] : how : 'aka-'er-eth "how" (sensed manner)
Distal Forms
'alum [ʔa.lum] : who : 'aka-'al-um "who" (unknown person) : Note: Default form for seeking new information
'atum [ʔa.tum] : where : 'aka-tal-um "where" (unknown location)
'atelum [ʔe.te.lum] : when : 'aka-tel-um "when" (unknown time)
'akerum [ʔa.ke.rum] : how : 'aka-'er-um "how" (unknown manner)
Abstract Concepts
Moral & Ethical Terms
thil [θil] : virtue, moral : Proto-Hick *halu → thil : (initial fricative change) : Note: Abstract sense developed from basic meaning : See: Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts
thid [θid] : truth : Proto-Hick *hawadu "sacred way" → thid : (initial fricativization, medial glide loss) : Note: Shows semantic development from "sacred path" to abstract "truth"
imurud [i.mu.rud] : falsehood : imur-wudu "evil-path" → imurud : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows semantic extension from physical to abstract meaning. See: Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts
im'ir [im.ʔir] : ill intent, malice : im-'ir "evil-action" → im'ir : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows metaphorical extension of negative prefix with action root. See: Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts
torthil [tor.θil] : arrogance, haughtiness : tor-thil "great-virtue" → torthil : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows ironic compound formation - excessive virtue becoming a flaw. Forms verb torthil'er "to be arrogant". See: Abstract Concepts, Emotional Terms
Logical Terms
'irek [ʔi.rek] : stand; firmness; truth : Proto-Hick *hi-reku → 'irek : (initial fricative change) : Note: Shows archaic animacy prefix. Semantic extension from physical firmness to abstract truth : See: Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts
'it [ʔit] : knot (in wood); falsehood : Proto-Hick *xitu → 'it : (initial fricative loss, final vowel loss) : Note: Primary meaning refers to natural knots in wood/lumber. Abstract meaning "falsehood" derives from concept of deviation in wood grain : See: Construction Terms, Abstract Concepts
Vision & Perception
mulis [mu.lis] : dream, vision : Proto-Hick *muruhilisu → mulis : See: Bodily Functions, Sacred Terms
mulisthral [mu.lis.θral] : prophetic dream : mulis-thral → mulisthral : (compound fusion, maintains second element due to sacred term)
mulisim [mu.li.sim] : nightmare : mulis-im → mulisim : (compound fusion)
Emotional Terms
sibris [si.bris] : romantic love : Proto-Hick *hibrisu "fire" → sibris : (initial fricative change) : Note: Metaphorical extension from "fire" to "passion/love" : See: Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts
dakisa [da.ki.sa] : infatuation : Proto-Hick *daluku-isa-hihasa → dakisa : (liquid deletion) : (compound reduction) : Note: Literally "snake in the gut"; metaphorical extension for intense desire : See: Body Parts, Sacred Terms
Sensory Terms
Visual Perception
lis [lis] : eye : Proto-Hick *lisu → lis : (final vowel loss) : See: Body Parts, Sacred Terms
his [his] : see : reintroduced Proto-Hick *hisu "visible/in sight" : Note: Reintroduced to maintain distinction from demonstrative -is : See: Sacred Terms
'ilis [ʔi.lis] : knowledge : PH *lisu dialectal borrowing with animacy prefix : Note: Borrowed alongside hilis, shows stative/abstract development of perception root : Note: From root meaning 'sight', forms verb 'ilis'er "to know"
mulis [mu.lis] : dream, vision : Proto-Hick *muruhilisu → mulis : (compound reduction) : See: Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts
hisimris [hi.sim.ris] : show : his-imris "sight-ELL" → hisimris : (case lexicalization) : Note: Shows productive use of ellative case for causative meanings. Forms verb hisimris'er "to show". Contrasts with hilis'er "to look" : See: Perception Terms, Action Terms
Auditory Perception
kamer [ka.mer] : bird-like sound : ka-mer "like-bird" → kamer : compound fusion
kasak [ka.sak] : wolf-like howl : ka-sak "like-wolf" → kasak : compound fusion
pir [pir] : ear : Proto-Hick *piru → pir : (final vowel loss) : See: Body Parts
pirlas [pir.las] : hearing : pir-las "ear-ILL" → pirlas : (case lexicalization) : Note: Shows productive use of illative case for reception of sound : See: Body Parts, Case System
Olfactory Perception
kar [kar] : nose : Proto-Hick *karu → kar : (final vowel loss) : See: Body Parts
Physical Sensation
tak [tak] : touch, contact : Proto-Hick *taku → tak : (final vowel loss) : Note: Basic term for physical contact : See: Basic Terms
taklas [tak.las] : feel (reception) : tak-las "touch-ILL" → taklas : (case lexicalization) : Note: Shows productive use of illative case for reception of touch : See: Basic Terms, Case System
takimris [ta.kim.ris] : touch (active) : tak-imris "touch-ELL" → takimris : (case lexicalization) : Note: Shows productive use of ellative case for active touching : See: Basic Terms, Case System
Taste Perception
bel [bel] : mouth : Proto-Hick *belu → bel : (final vowel loss) : See: Body Parts
bellas [bel.las] : taste (reception) : bel-las "mouth-ILL" → bellas : (case lexicalization) : Note: Shows productive use of illative case for reception of taste : See: Body Parts, Case System
belimris [be.lim.ris] : taste (active) : bel-imris "mouth-ELL" → belimris : (case lexicalization) : Note: Shows productive use of ellative case for active tasting : See: Body Parts, Case System
Sound Terms
tak [tak] : strike, impact; sound : Proto-Hick *taku → tak : (final vowel loss) : Note: Onomatopoeic origin : See: Physical Actions
takutak [ˈta.ku.tək] : rhythm : Proto-Hick *takutaku → takutak : (final vowel loss) : Note: Preserves onomatopoeic reduplication : See: Derived Terms
takimer [ˈta.ki.mɛr] : echo; sound spirit : taku "rhythm" + imer "spirit" → takimer : (compound fusion) : Note: Reflects early animistic understanding of sound phenomena : See: Spirit Terms
Vision & Perception Terms
Basic Terms
lis [lis] : eye : Proto-Hick *lisu → lis : (final vowel loss) : See: Body Parts, Sacred Terms
his [his] : sight : Proto-Hick *hi-lisu → his : liquid deletion : vowel coalescence) : See: Sacred Terms
mulis [mu.lis] : dream, vision : Proto-Hick *muruhilisu → mulis : (compound reduction) : See: Sacred Terms
Derived Terms
his'er [his.ʔer] : to see : his-'er "sight-ACT" → his'er : (verbalizer)
Taste Terms
Basic Tastes
mel [mel] : sweet : Proto-Hick *melu → mel : (final vowel loss) : Note: Associated with ripeness and edibility
kras [kras] : bitter : Proto-Hick *krasu → kras : (final vowel loss) : Note: Used for both taste and metaphorical bitterness
kaketh [ka.keθ] : salty : ka-keth "sea-like" → kaketh : (compound fusion) : Note: Literally "sea-like", shows maritime influence on taste terminology : See: Maritime Terms, Water Features
tir [tir] : sour; wince : Proto-Hick *tilmuru → tilru → tiru → tir : (liquid deletion) : (compound reduction) : (final vowel loss) : Note: Shows semantic connection between taste sensation and facial response
Derived Terms
melter [mel.ter] : honey : mel-ter "sweet-flow" → melter : (compound fusion) : Note: Literally "sweet flow", primary sweetener in Early Hick culture
krasim [kra.sim] : poison : kras-im "bitter-evil" → krasim : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows connection between bitter taste and danger
kakethmal [ka.keθ.mal] : brine pool : kaketh-mal "salty-pool" → kakethmal : (compound fusion) : See: Water Features
Intensity Terms
tormel [tor.mel] : very sweet : tor-mel "great-sweet" → tormel : (compound fusion)
limel [li.mel] : slightly sweet : li-mel "small-sweet" → limel : (compound fusion)
Usage Examples
mel'er [mel.ʔer] : to sweeten : mel-'er "sweet-VERB" → mel'er : (verbalizer suffix)
kras'er [kras.ʔer] : to embitter : kras-'er "bitter-VERB" → kras'er : (verbalizer suffix)
tir'er [tir.ʔer] : to wince; fermentation : tir-'er "sour/wince-VERB" → tir'er : (verbalizer suffix) : Note: Shows connection between taste sensation and involuntary response, as well as the process of fermentation : See: Taste Terms, Bodily Functions, Process Terms
Food & Consumption Terms
Basic Terms
du [du] : meat : Proto-Hick *duha → du : (final vowel loss) : Note: Basic term for animal flesh as food. Forms compounds with other food terms : See: Body Parts for muscle/flesh meanings
duwes [du.wes] : food, nourishment : Proto-Hick *duha-wesu → duwes : (compound fusion, vowel loss) : Note: From *duha-wesu "meat-cover", showing development: : 1. Compound: *duha-wesu "meat-cover" : 2. Fusion: *duhawesu > *duwesu : 3. Final: duwes with extended meaning "food" : Note: Forms verb duwes'er "to eat" : Examples: : - duwes'er "to eat" (with verbalizer -'er) : - duwesimris "from food, because of food" (with ellative case) : - kaduwes "edible" (with adjectival ka-)
mil [mil] : tallow, animal fat : PH melu "liquid" : Note: Shows semantic narrowing from general liquid to specifically rendered animal fat used in food preparation and preservation : See: Body Parts
Drink Terms
tirai [ti.rai] : fermented drink : tir-ai "sour-water" → tirai : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows cultural knowledge of fermentation process : See: Taste Terms
melterai [mel.te.rai] : mead : melter-ai "honey-water" → melterai : (compound fusion) : Note: Fermented honey drink : See: Food Terms
Preparation Terms
milai [mi.lai] : rendered fat, oil : mil-ai "fat-water" : Note: Shows parallel formation with tirai "fermented drink"
kirmil [kir.mil] : chest/organ fat : kir-mil "chest-fat" : Note: Prized internal fat used in cooking and preservation
palmil [pal.mil] : belly fat : pal-mil "belly-fat" : Note: Distinct type of fat used in specific food preparations
sulmil [sul.mil] : liver fat : sul-mil "liver-fat" : Note: Highly valued fat deposit, often preserved for medicinal or ritual use
Derived Compounds
milai [mi.lai] : rendered fat, oil : mil-ai "fat-water" : Note: Shows parallel formation with tirai "fermented drink"
terok [te.rok] : drinker; drunkard : ter-ok "flow-AGENT" → terok : (agentive suffix) : Note: One who drinks (professionally or habitually)
duwesok [du.we.sok] : eater, consumer : duwes-ok "eat-AGENT" → duwesok : (agentive marking)
torduwes [tor.du.wes] : feast, great eating : tor-duwes "great-eat" → torduwes : (compound fusion)
duwester [du.wes.ter] : meal time : duwes-ter "eat-flow" → duwester : (compound fusion)
duwesthral [du.wes.θral] : ritual feast : duwes-thral "eat-sacred" → duwesthral : (compound fusion)
duwesimris [du.we.sim.ris] : feed : duwes-imris "food-ELL" → duwesimris : (case lexicalization) : Note: Derived from "duwes" (food) with the ellative case, indicating the act of providing food
murduwes [mur.du.wes] : leftovers : mur-duwes "night-eat" → murduwes : (compound fusion) : Note: Refers to food set aside for fermentation or preservation, metaphorically described as "night-eat," reflecting the practice of using surplus for future consumption
kaduwes [ka.du.wes] : edible : ka-duwes "like-food" → kaduwes : (similarity prefix) : Note: General term for anything that can be eaten. Shows productive use of ka- prefix for potential/capability
tir'er [tir.ʔer] : to wince; fermentation : tir-'er "sour/wince-VERB" → tir'er : (verbalizer suffix) : Note: Shows connection between taste sensation and involuntary response, as well as the process of fermentation : See: Taste Terms, Bodily Functions, Process Terms
Natural World
Elements
ai [ai] : water : Proto-Hick *ahi → ai : (vowel sequences) : See: Maritime Terms, Water Features
gral [gral] : earth, soil : Proto-Hick *gralu → gral : (final vowel loss) : See: Landscape Terms
kel [kel] : sky : Proto-Hick *kelu → kel : (final vowel loss) : See: Time Terms, Colors
thir [θir] : air, wind : Proto-Hick *thiru → thir : (final vowel loss) : See: Colors
al [al] : natural rock : Proto-Hick *xalu → halu → al : (initial fricative loss)
gar [gar] : stone, hardness : Proto-Hick *garu → gar :(final vowel loss) : Note: Basic term for stone extends to abstract hardness. Forms gal "man" through metaphorical extension ("hard person"). : See: Landscape Terms, Person Terms
gral [gral] : earth, soil : Proto-Hick *gralu → gral : (final vowel loss)
bris [bris] : heat : Proto-Hick *brisu → bris : (final vowel loss) : Note: Basic term for heat/warmth : See: Elements
brises [bri.ses] : light, illumination : Proto-Hick *brisu-wesu "heat-enclose" → brises : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows metaphorical extension of "embraced heat" to light/illumination. Forms verb brises'er "to shine" : See: Natural Terms, Sacred Terms
dup [dup] : pearl; lump, mass : Proto-Hick *dupu "pearl" → dup : (final vowel loss) : Note: Shows semantic extension from "pearl" to general "rounded mass" : See: Body Terms, Medical Terms
Derived Terms
'ibris [ʔi.bris] : fire : Proto-Hick *hi-brisu → 'ibris : (animacy prefix) : Note: Shows archaic animacy marking through glottal prefix, reflecting cultural view of fire as animate force : See: Sacred Terms, Elements
kagar [ka.gar] : hard : ka-gar "stone-like" → kagar : (compound fusion) : Note: From metaphorical extension of stone : See: Material Terms
Water Features
keth [keθ] : sea : Proto-Hick *keθu → keθ : (final vowel loss) : See: Maritime Terms
mal [mal] : pool, standing water : Proto-Hick *malu → mal : (final vowel loss) : See: Maritime Terms
ran [ran] : stream, flowing water : Proto-Hick *ranu → ran : (final vowel loss) : See: Maritime Terms
bram [bram] : tide, tidal water : Proto-Hick *bramu → bram : (final vowel loss) : See: Maritime Terms, Time Terms
bramal [bra.mal] : tidal pool : bram-mal "tide-pool" → bramal : (nasal deletion) : See: Maritime Terms
toran [to.ran] : river, flowing water : Proto-Hick *ranu → ran : (final vowel loss)
Landforms
tor [tor] : height, peak : Proto-Hick *toru → tor : (final vowel loss) : See: Augmentative Prefix
thrantor [θran.tor] : mountain range : thran-tor "thousand peaks" → thrantor : (compound fusion)
val [val] : valley, water-cut lowland : Proto-Hick *valu → val : (final vowel loss)
nagral [na.gral] : black earth : nal-gral "black-earth" → nagral : (liquid deletion)
thragral [θra.gral] : sacred earth : thral-gral "sacred-earth" → thragral : (liquid deletion) : See: Garden Terms
kirtor [kir.tor] : cliff face : kir-tor "chest-height" → kirtor : (compound fusion)
dortor [dor.tor] : back slope : dor-tor "back-height" → dortor : (compound fusion)
palmal [pal.mal] : deep pool : pal-mal "belly-pool" → palmal : (compound fusion)
thalgral [θal.gral] : hillside : thal-gral "side-earth" → thalgral : (compound fusion)
grasgral [gras.gral] : meadow, grassland : gras-gral "grass-earth" → grasgral : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows productive compound formation pattern of flora + landform : See: Flora & Agriculture, Agricultural Terms
Precipitation
aitar [ai.tar] : rain : ai-tar "water-fall" → aitar : (compound fusion)
bramis [bra.mis] : sea mist, coastal fog : bram-mis "tide-mist" → bramis : (nasal deletion)
miraitar [mi.rai.tar] : cold rain : mir-aitar "cold-rain" → miraitar : (compound fusion)
Flora & Agriculture
Basic Plant Terms
ris [ris] : reed : Proto-Hick *risu → ris : (final vowel loss)
wud [wud] : wood, tree : Proto-Hick *wudu → wud : (final vowel loss)
gras [gras] : grass : Proto-Hick *grasu → gras : (final vowel loss)
sed [sed] : seed : Proto-Hick *sedu → sed : (final vowel loss)
sar [sar] : leaf : Proto-Hick *saru → sar : (final vowel loss) : Note: Also means "green" from leaf association
bran [bran] : branch : Proto-Hick *bahu lu-haranu → bran : (compound fusion) : (liquid deletion) : Note: Preserved compound with ablative lu- marking
wen [wen] : flower : Proto-Hick *venu -> wenu → wen : (final vowel loss)
asa [a.sa] : vine : Proto-Hick *hasa → asa : (initial fricative loss) : See: Flora & Agriculture
branlis [bran.lis] : tree berries; fruit : bran-lis "branch-child" → branlis : (compound fusion) : Note: Metaphorical extension of "child" to "berries" and "fruit," reflecting cultural view of trees as nurturing figures
'irurlis [ʔi.rur.lis] : gourd; container : 'irur-lis "hollow-fruit" → 'irurlis : (compound fusion) : Note: Combines the concepts of hollowness and fruit, reflecting the physical characteristics of gourds
saresp [sa.resp] : sprout : sar-esp "leaf-under" → saresp : (compound fusion) : Note: Metaphorical extension of hidden leaf beneath; reflects cultural view of growth as emergence from concealment. Forms verb saresp'er "to sprout" : See: Flora & Agriculture
Cultivated Plants
grased [ˈgra.sed] : grain : gras-sed "grass-seed" → grased : (compound fusion)
malris [ˈmal.ris] : water reed : mal-ris "pool-reed" → malris : (compound fusion)
ranris [ˈran.ris] : river reed : ran-ris "stream-reed" → ranris : (compound fusion)
thirwud [ˈθir.wud] : white wood : thir-wud "white-wood" → thirwud : (compound fusion)
marwud [mar.wud] : red wood : mar-wud "red-wood" → marwud : (compound fusion)
Agricultural Terms
sedgral [sed.gral] : field : sed-gral "seed-earth" → sedgral : (compound fusion)
sedter [sed.ter] : planting time : sed-ter "seed-flow" → sedter : (compound fusion)
granmal [gran.mal] : grain storage : gran-mal "grain-pool" → granmal : (compound fusion)
sedok [se.dok] : planter, farmer : sed-ok "seed-AGENT" → sedok : (compound fusion)
graswad [gras.wad] : pasture path : gras-wad "grass-path" → graswad : (compound fusion)
'ibri ['ib.ri] : excrement, manure : Proto-Hick *'ibari → 'ibri : (vowel loss) : Note: Basic term for excrement. Forms compounds for agricultural uses. See: : Basic Terms, Agricultural Terms
Garden Terms
thragral [θra.gral] : garden : thral-gral "sacred-earth" → thragral : (liquid deletion) : See: Landforms : Note: The dual meaning reflects the sacred nature of cultivated land in Hick culture, where gardens were seen as sanctified spaces
kelwud [kel.wud] : orchard : kel-wud "leaf-wood" → kelwud : (compound fusion)
riswad [ris.wad] : garden path : ris-wad "reed-path" → riswad : (compound fusion)
sedthral [sed.θral] : planting day : sed-thral "seed-sacred" → sedthral : (compound fusion)
Horticulture Terms
wudgral [wud.gral] : orchard : wud-thragral "wood-garden" → compound simplification → wudgral : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows connection between sacred garden and orchard
Derived Terms
kabran [ka.bran] : crooked, leaning : ka-bran "branch-like" → kabran : (compound fusion) : Note: From metaphorical extension of branch growth patterns. Forms common expression kabran 'irek'er "to lean" (lit. "stand crookedly"). :See: Position/Stance Actions
Sacred & Ritual
Basic Terms
tharala [θa.ra.la] : deity : Proto-Hick *harala "deity" → tharala : (partial sound change) : Note: Religious term showing resistance to regular sound changes (only ha- → tha-). Preserved in formal/sacred register. : See: Sacred Terms, Religious Terms
thral [θral] : day; sacred, ritual : Proto-Hick *harala → thral : (final vowel loss) : Note: Resists vowel reduction in compounds See: Time Terms
thren [θren] : watch, observe (ritual) : Proto-Hick *threnu → thren : (final vowel loss) : Note: Maintains [e] in unstressed positions
wad [wad] : path, way : Proto-Hick *wadu → wad : (final vowel loss) : See: Maritime Terms
ward [ward] : direct, guide : Proto-Hick *wardu → ward : (final vowel loss) : See: Maritime Terms
thimer [θi.mer] : spiritual nurturing : Proto-Hick *ha-meru → thimer : (vowel reduction, stress shift) : See: Bird Terms, Kinship Terms : Note: Preserves original nurturing sense in sacred context
mer [mer] : bird; parent : Proto-Hick *meru "nurture, bird" → mer : (final vowel loss) : Note: Dual meaning reflects cultural connection between birds and parenting : See: Bird Terms, Kinship Terms
imthral [im.θral] : evil deity : im-thral "evil-sacred" → imthral : (compound fusion, maintains second element due to sacred term) : See: Sacred Terms
imurthral [i.mur.θral] : cursed day/time : imur-thral "evil.force-sacred" → imurthral : (compound fusion, maintains second element due to sacred term) : See: Time Terms
mulis [mu.lis] : dream, vision : Proto-Hick *muruhilisu → mulis : (compound reduction, final vowel loss) : See: Sacred Terms
Time & Light
mur [mur] : night, darkness : Proto-Hick *muru → mur : (final vowel loss) : See: Bird Terms
thur [θur] : dusk : Proto-Hick *thuru → thur : (final vowel loss)
bran [bran] : dawn : Proto-Hick *branu → bran : (final vowel loss)
thrakel [θra.kel] : sun : thral-kel "sacred-sky" → thrakel : (liquid deletion)
murkel [mur.kel] : night sky : mur-kel "night-sky" → murkel : (compound fusion)
thurkel [θur.kel] : evening sky : thur-kel "dusk-sky" → thurkel : (compound fusion)
brakel [bra.kel] : morning sky : bran-kel "dawn-sky" → brakel : (nasal deletion)
Derived Terms
kathrakel [ka.θra.kel] : radiant, beautiful; color : ka-thrakel "sun-like" → kathrakel : (compound fusion) : Note: From metaphorical extension of thrakel "sun". Shows cultural association between beauty and radiance. : See: Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts
Material Culture
Metals
ger [ger] : metal : Early Hick kurger "moss-stone" < Proto-Hick *kuru-garu : (compound reduction) : Note: Generalized from copper compound after kur specialized. Shows semantic shift from natural observation (green patina on stones) to material category
kur [kur] : copper : Early Hick kurger "moss-stone" < Proto-Hick *kuru-garu : (compound reduction) : Note: Specialized from first element of copper compound. Original meaning "moss" preserved in inland dialects
ir [ir] : iron : Proto-Hick *xiru "mined ore" → ir : (initial fricative loss, final vowel loss) : Note: Basic term for iron, shows early mining culture
tin [tin] : tin : Proto-Hick *tinu → tin : (final vowel loss)
kurtin [kur.tin] : bronze : kur-tin "copper-tin" → kurtin : (compound fusion)
mar [mar] : rust, red metal : Proto-Hick *maru → mar : (final vowel loss) : See: Colors
grakur [gra.kur] : grey copper : gra-kur "grey-copper" → grakur : (compound fusion)
'ihir [ʔi.hir] : to mine (for ore) : Proto-Hick *heru lu xiru → 'ihir : (compound fusion) : Note: Literally "move through ore", shows development of specialized mining terminology
brismal [bris.mal] : forge : bris-mal "heat-pool" → brismal : (compound fusion) : Note: Native term for forge. See: Tool Terms
tamin [ta.min] : forge, smithy : Quenya tamin "forge" → tamin : (borrowed term) : Note: Direct borrowing of Eldrim technical term. : See: Tool Terms
Maritime Terms
mater [ma.ter] : vessel, boat : Proto-Hick *mataru-heru → mater : (compound fusion) : Note: From "vehicle-action", specialized for water transport. Unrelated to tre/matre despite similar form. See: Maritime Terms
materok [ma.te.rok] : vessel-guide, boatman : mater-ok "vessel-AGENT" → materok : (compound fusion) : See: Agentive Suffix
rismater [ris.ma.ter] : reed-vessel : ris-mater "reed-vessel" → rismater : (compound fusion)
wudmater [wud.ma.ter] : wood-vessel : wud-mater "wood-vessel" → wudmater : (compound fusion)
brammater [bram.ma.ter] : river-vessel : bram-mater "tide-vessel" → brammater : (compound fusion)
kethmater [keθ.ma.ter] : sea-vessel : keth-mater "sea-vessel" → kethmater : (compound fusion)
Example: materok-el rismater-im-ris keth-es ward-ter boatman-ERG reed.vessel-PROX-ELL sea-ABS direct-to "The boatman takes the reed boat to sea"
Cultural Terms
'iruretil [ʔi.ru.re.til] : gift : 'irur-etil "hollow-thing" → 'iruretil : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows cultural link between containers and proper gifts. Always inanimate. : See: Material Culture
Flora & Fauna
Basic Terms
ris [ris] : reed : Proto-Hick *risu → ris : (final vowel loss)
wud [wud] : wood, tree : Proto-Hick *wudu → wud : (final vowel loss)
gras [gras] : grass : Proto-Hick *grasu → gras : (final vowel loss)
sed [sed] : seed : Proto-Hick *sedu → sed : (final vowel loss)
kel [kel] : leaf : Proto-Hick *kelu → kel : (final vowel loss)
bran [bran] : branch : Proto-Hick *bahu lu-haranu → bran : (lit. "split from father") : (compound fusion) : (liquid deletion) : Note: Preserved compound with ablative lu- marking
asa [a.sa] : vine : Proto-Hick *hasa → asa : (initial fricative loss) : See: Flora & Agriculture
branlis [bran.lis] : tree berries; fruit : bran-lis "branch-child" → branlis : (compound fusion) : Note: Metaphorical extension of "child" to "berries" and "fruit," reflecting cultural view of trees as nurturing figures
'irurlis [ʔi.rur.lis] : gourd; container : 'irur-lis "hollow-fruit" → 'irurlis : (compound fusion) : Note: Combines the concepts of hollowness and fruit, reflecting the physical characteristics of gourds
saresp [sa.resp] : sprout : sar-esp "leaf-under" → saresp : (compound fusion) : Note: Metaphorical extension of hidden leaf beneath; reflects cultural view of growth as emergence from concealment. Forms verb saresp'er "to sprout" : See: Flora & Agriculture
Cultivated Plants
grased [ˈgra.sed] : grain : gras-sed "grass-seed" → grased : (compound fusion)
malris [ˈmal.ris] : water reed : mal-ris "pool-reed" → malris : (compound fusion)
ranris [ˈran.ris] : river reed : ran-ris "stream-reed" → ranris : (compound fusion)
thirwud [ˈθir.wud] : white wood : thir-wud "white-wood" → thirwud : (compound fusion)
marwud [mar.wud] : red wood : mar-wud "red-wood" → marwud : (compound fusion)
Agricultural Terms
sedgral [sed.gral] : field : sed-gral "seed-earth" → sedgral : (compound fusion)
sedter [sed.ter] : planting time : sed-ter "seed-flow" → sedter : (compound fusion)
granmal [gran.mal] : grain storage : gran-mal "grain-pool" → granmal : (compound fusion)
sedok [se.dok] : planter, farmer : sed-ok "seed-AGENT" → sedok : (compound fusion)
graswad [gras.wad] : pasture path : gras-wad "grass-path" → graswad : (compound fusion)
'ibri ['ib.ri] : excrement, manure : Proto-Hick *'ibari → 'ibri : (vowel loss) : Note: Basic term for excrement. Forms compounds for agricultural uses. See: : Basic Terms, Agricultural Terms
Garden Terms
thragral [θra.gral] : garden : thral-gral "sacred-earth" → thragral : (liquid deletion) : See: Landforms : Note: The dual meaning reflects the sacred nature of cultivated land in Hick culture, where gardens were seen as sanctified spaces
kelwud [kel.wud] : orchard : kel-wud "leaf-wood" → kelwud : (compound fusion)
riswad [ris.wad] : garden path : ris-wad "reed-path" → riswad : (compound fusion)
sedthral [sed.θral] : planting day : sed-thral "seed-sacred" → sedthral : (compound fusion)
Horticulture Terms
wudgral [wud.gral] : orchard : wud-thragral "wood-garden" → compound simplification → wudgral : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows connection between sacred garden and orchard
Animal Terms
Animals
nes [nes] : fish : Proto-Hick *nesu → nes : (final vowel loss) : See: Maritime Terms
mer [mer] : bird : Proto-Hick *meru → mer : (final vowel loss) : Note: Cultural connection between birds and parenting roles : See: Sacred Terms, Kinship Terms
pel [pel] : bear : Proto-Hick *pelu → pel : (final vowel loss) : Note: Maintains [e] in compounds
sak [sak] : wolf : Proto-Hick *saku → sak : (final vowel loss)
ren [ren] : deer : Proto-Hick *renu → ren : (final vowel loss)
toren [to.ren] : horse : tor-ren "great-deer" → toren : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows semantic extension through size metaphor : See: Animal Terms
belnes [bel.nes] : mouthed fish : bel-nes "mouth-fish" → belnes : (compound fusion)
kranren [kran.ren] : horned deer : kran-ren "horn-deer" → kranren : (compound fusion)
venmer [ven.mer] : wing bird : ven-mer "wing-bird" → venmer : (compound fusion)
silpel [sil.pel] : hide bear : sil-pel "hide-bear" → silpel : (compound fusion)
thirpel [θir.pel] : fur-bear : thir-pel "fur-bear" → thirpel : (compound fusion)
lisbel [lis.bel] : face : lis-bel "eye-mouth" → lisbel : (compound fusion)
thirren [θir.ren] : winter coat deer : thir-ren "fur-deer" → thirren : (compound fusion)
kirpel [kir.pel] : rearing bear : kir-pel "chest-bear" → kirpel : (compound fusion)
dorren [dor.ren] : pack deer : dor-ren "back-deer" → dorren : (compound fusion)
tornes ['tor.nes] : whale : tor-nes "great-fish" → tornes : (compound fusion, stress shift) : Note: Resists reduction due to sacred associations
tomur ['to.mur] : great owl : tor-mur-mer → tomur : (compound simplification) : Note: Shows liquid deletion and vowel reduction
ketnes [ket.nes] : sea fish : keth-nes "sea-fish" → ketnes : (compound fusion)
ranes [ra.nes] : river fish : ran-nes "stream-fish" → ranes : (compound fusion)
malnes [mal.nes] : pool fish : mal-nes "pool-fish" → malnes : (compound fusion)
kor [kor] : cow : Old Iutlandish kor : Note: Early borrowing showing cultural contact with Iutlandish herders : See: Animal Terms
sumerok [su.me.rok] : goat : gras-'imer-ok "grass-life-AGENT" → sumerok : (compound simplification) : Note: Shows compound reduction and metaphorical extension through agentive marking : See: Animal Terms, Consumption Terms
dak [dak] : snake : Proto-Hick *daluku → dak : (medial liquid loss, vowel reduction) : Note: From root meaning "slither", forms verb dak'er "to slither"
torba [tor.ba] : goat : tor-ba "mountain-father" → torba : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows metaphorical extension linking goats to mountains and paternal authority : See: Landforms, Kinship Terms, Pastoral Terms
Bird Terms (Nocturnal)
murmer [mur.mer] : night-bird, owl : Proto-Hick *muru-meru "night-bird" → mur-mer : (vowel loss in compounds)
tomur [to.mur] : great owl, eagle owl : Proto-Hick *toru-muru-meru "great-night-bird" → tor-mur-mer : (vowel loss in compounds) : → tor-mur : (compound simplification) : → tomur : (liquid deletion)
thurmur [θur.mur] : dusk owl : Proto-Hick *thuru-muru-meru "dusk-night-bird" → thur-mur-mer : (vowel loss in compounds) : → thurmur : (compound simplification)
limur [li.mur] : small night-bird, small owl : Proto-Hick *li-muru-meru "small-night-bird" → li-mur-mer : (vowel loss in compounds) : → limur : (compound simplification)
murlis [mur.lis] : night-eye : mur-lis "night-eye" → murlis : (compound fusion)
murkran [mur.kran] : night-horn : mur-kran "night-horn" → murkran : (compound fusion)
Derived Terms
kabran [ka.bran] : crooked, leaning : ka-bran "branch-like" → kabran : (compound fusion) : Note: From metaphorical extension of branch growth patterns. Forms common expression kabran 'irek'er "to lean" (lit. "stand crookedly"). :See: Position/Stance Actions
Sacred & Ritual
Basic Terms
tharala [θa.ra.la] : deity : Proto-Hick *harala "deity" → tharala : (partial sound change) : Note: Religious term showing resistance to regular sound changes (only ha- → tha-). Preserved in formal/sacred register. : See: Sacred Terms, Religious Terms
thral [θral] : day; sacred, ritual : Proto-Hick *harala → thral : (final vowel loss) : Note: Resists vowel reduction in compounds See: Time Terms
thren [θren] : watch, observe (ritual) : Proto-Hick *threnu → thren : (final vowel loss) : Note: Maintains [e] in unstressed positions
wad [wad] : path, way : Proto-Hick *wadu → wad : (final vowel loss) : See: Maritime Terms
ward [ward] : direct, guide : Proto-Hick *wardu → ward : (final vowel loss) : See: Maritime Terms
thimer [θi.mer] : spiritual nurturing : Proto-Hick *ha-meru → thimer : (vowel reduction, stress shift) : See: Bird Terms, Kinship Terms : Note: Preserves original nurturing sense in sacred context
mer [mer] : bird; parent : Proto-Hick *meru "nurture, bird" → mer : (final vowel loss) : Note: Dual meaning reflects cultural connection between birds and parenting : See: Bird Terms, Kinship Terms
imthral [im.θral] : evil deity : im-thral "evil-sacred" → imthral : (compound fusion, maintains second element due to sacred term) : See: Sacred Terms
imurthral [i.mur.θral] : cursed day/time : imur-thral "evil.force-sacred" → imurthral : (compound fusion, maintains second element due to sacred term) : See: Time Terms
mulis [mu.lis] : dream, vision : Proto-Hick *muruhilisu → mulis : (compound reduction, final vowel loss) : See: Sacred Terms
Time & Light
mur [mur] : night, darkness : Proto-Hick *muru → mur : (final vowel loss) : See: Bird Terms
thur [θur] : dusk : Proto-Hick *thuru → thur : (final vowel loss)
bran [bran] : dawn : Proto-Hick *branu → bran : (final vowel loss)
thrakel [θra.kel] : sun : thral-kel "sacred-sky" → thrakel : (liquid deletion)
murkel [mur.kel] : night sky : mur-kel "night-sky" → murkel : (compound fusion)
thurkel [θur.kel] : evening sky : thur-kel "dusk-sky" → thurkel : (compound fusion)
brakel [bra.kel] : morning sky : bran-kel "dawn-sky" → brakel : (nasal deletion)
Derived Terms
kathrakel [ka.θra.kel] : radiant, beautiful; color : ka-thrakel "sun-like" → kathrakel : (compound fusion) : Note: From metaphorical extension of thrakel "sun". Shows cultural association between beauty and radiance. : See: Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts
Material Culture
Metals
ger [ger] : metal : Early Hick kurger "moss-stone" < Proto-Hick *kuru-garu : (compound reduction) : Note: Generalized from copper compound after kur specialized. Shows semantic shift from natural observation (green patina on stones) to material category
kur [kur] : copper : Early Hick kurger "moss-stone" < Proto-Hick *kuru-garu : (compound reduction) : Note: Specialized from first element of copper compound. Original meaning "moss" preserved in inland dialects
ir [ir] : iron : Proto-Hick *xiru "mined ore" → ir : (initial fricative loss, final vowel loss) : Note: Basic term for iron, shows early mining culture
tin [tin] : tin : Proto-Hick *tinu → tin : (final vowel loss)
kurtin [kur.tin] : bronze : kur-tin "copper-tin" → kurtin : (compound fusion)
mar [mar] : rust, red metal : Proto-Hick *maru → mar : (final vowel loss) : See: Colors
grakur [gra.kur] : grey copper : gra-kur "grey-copper" → grakur : (compound fusion)
'ihir [ʔi.hir] : to mine (for ore) : Proto-Hick *heru lu xiru → 'ihir : (compound fusion) : Note: Literally "move through ore", shows development of specialized mining terminology
brismal [bris.mal] : forge : bris-mal "heat-pool" → brismal : (compound fusion) : Note: Native term for forge. See: Tool Terms
tamin [ta.min] : forge, smithy : Quenya tamin "forge" → tamin : (borrowed term) : Note: Direct borrowing of Eldrim technical term. : See: Tool Terms
Maritime Terms
mater [ma.ter] : vessel, boat : Proto-Hick *mataru-heru → mater : (compound fusion) : Note: From "vehicle-action", specialized for water transport. Unrelated to tre/matre despite similar form. See: Maritime Terms
materok [ma.te.rok] : vessel-guide, boatman : mater-ok "vessel-AGENT" → materok : (compound fusion) : See: Agentive Suffix
rismater [ris.ma.ter] : reed-vessel : ris-mater "reed-vessel" → rismater : (compound fusion)
wudmater [wud.ma.ter] : wood-vessel : wud-mater "wood-vessel" → wudmater : (compound fusion)
brammater [bram.ma.ter] : river-vessel : bram-mater "tide-vessel" → brammater : (compound fusion)
kethmater [keθ.ma.ter] : sea-vessel : keth-mater "sea-vessel" → kethmater : (compound fusion)
Example: materok-el rismater-im-ris keth-es ward-ter boatman-ERG reed.vessel-PROX-ELL sea-ABS direct-to "The boatman takes the reed boat to sea"
Cultural Terms
'iruretil [ʔi.ru.re.til] : gift : 'irur-etil "hollow-thing" → 'iruretil : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows cultural link between containers and proper gifts. Always inanimate. : See: Material Culture
Equestrian Terms
- rok [rok] "horse" < Sindarin roch → rok (borrowed term) Note: Shows elvish introduction of horses See: Animal Terms
- norath [no.raθ] "to ride (a mount)" < Eldrim nortʰa "to make run" → norath (borrowed term) Note: Early borrowing from Eldrim, shows cultural contact predating widespread horse domestication. See: Animal Terms, Motion Actions
Colors
With context, the word itself would be enough to mean the color, however to disambiguate from other meanings, the Similarity Prefix ka- is used.
Some color terms do not have other semantic categories, for example 'gra' lost other meanings by Early Hick, this ka- is unnecessary.
gra [gra] : grey : Proto-Hick *grau → gra : (vowel sequences) : See: Metals
mar [mar] : red : Proto-Hick *maru → mar : (final vowel loss) : See: Metals
kel [kel] : blue : Proto-Hick *kelu → kel : (final vowel loss) : Same as "sky" : See: Elements
thir [θir] : white : Proto-Hick *thiru → thir : (final vowel loss) : Same as "air" : See: Elements
nal [nal] : black : Proto-Hick *nalu → nal : (final vowel loss)
sar [sar] : leaf : Proto-Hick *saru → sar : (final vowel loss) : Note: Also means "green" from leaf association
Magical Terms
Basic Terms
kul [kul] : magic, sorcery : Proto-Hick *kulu → kul : (final vowel loss) : See: Sacred Terms
Derived Terms
kulok [ku.lok] : sorcerer : kul-ok "magic-AGENT" → kulok : (compound fusion)
malthrenok [mal.θre.nok] : pool-watcher, diviner : mal-thren-ok "pool-watch-AGENT" → malthrenok : (compound fusion) : Note: One who divines through watching pools/water : See: Water Features, Sacred Terms
imurkulok [i.mur.ku.lok] : necromancer : imur-kul-ok "evil-magic-AGENT" → imurkulok : (compound fusion) : Note: Literally "evil magic worker" : See: Sacred Terms, Magical Terms
Time & Celestial
Basic Terms
thral [θral] : sacred, ritual; day : Proto-Hick *thralu → thral : (final vowel loss) : See: Sacred Terms
ter [ter] : flow, time : Proto-Hick *teru → ter : (final vowel loss)
mur [mur] : night, darkness : Proto-Hick *muru → mur : (final vowel loss) : See: Bird Terms
thur [θur] : dusk : Proto-Hick *thuru → thur : (final vowel loss)
bran [bran] : dawn : Proto-Hick *branu → bran : (final vowel loss)
takuter [ta.ku.ter] : harmony, attunement : 3-ter "rhythm-flow" → takuter : (compound simplification) : Note: Shows reduction of reduplicated base through compound simplification : See: Basic Terms, Sacred Terms
'atelbran [ʔa.tel.bran] : before (when-dawn) : 'aka-tel-bran → 'akatelbran → 'atelbran : (compound reduction) : Note: Shows temporal metaphor of dawn/past, derived from interrogative : See: Time Terms, Interrogatives
Celestial Bodies
thrakel [θra.kel] : sun : thral-kel "sacred-sky" → thrakel : (liquid deletion)
murkel [mur.kel] : night sky : mur-kel "night-sky" → murkel : (compound fusion)
thurkel [θur.kel] : evening sky : thur-kel "dusk-sky" → thurkel : (compound fusion)
brakel [bra.kel] : morning sky : bran-kel "dawn-sky" → brakel : (nasal deletion)
lithar [li.θar] : star : li-tharala "DIM-deity" → lithar : (compound simplification) : Note: Shows loss of -ala in compound. Stars conceptualized as lesser deities : See: Celestial Terms, Sacred Terms, Diminutive Formation
Body Parts
Basic Terms
bel [bel] : mouth, opening : Proto-Hick *belu → bel : (final vowel loss) : See: Maritime Terms, Architecture
kan [kan] : head : Proto-Hick *kanu → kan : (final vowel loss) : See: Sacred Terms
tel [tel] : tail, end : Proto-Hick *telu → tel : (final vowel loss) : See: Landscape Terms
gar [gar] : bone : Proto-Hick *garu → gar : (final vowel loss) : See: Landscape Terms, Sacred Terms
sil [sil] : skin, hide : Proto-Hick *silu → sil : (final vowel loss)
ven [ven] : wing, fin : Proto-Hick *venu → ven : (final vowel loss) : See: Maritime Terms, Bird Terms
kran [kran] : horn, spike : Proto-Hick *kranu → kran : (final vowel loss) : See: Landscape Terms
mar [mar] : blood, life-fluid : Proto-Hick *maru → mar : (final vowel loss) : See: Colors, Sacred Terms
ter [ter] : flow, fluid : Proto-Hick *teru → ter : (final vowel loss) : See: Water Features, Maritime Terms
kost [kost] : foot : Proto-Hick *kostu → kost : (final vowel loss) : See: Movement Terms
tag [tag] : hand : Proto-Hick *tagu → tag : (final vowel loss) : Note: Forms verb tag'er "to make". See: Basic Actions
mes [mes] : heart : Proto-Hick *melisu → mes : (final vowel loss) : Note: Core term for emotional center, used in compounds for feelings See: Body Parts, Sacred Terms
dak [dak] : stomach, gut : Proto-Hick *daluku → dak : (final vowel loss) : (liquid deletion) : See: Food & Consumption Terms
bedek [be.dek] : tongue : be-dak → bedek : (vowel harmony) : Note: Literally "mouth-snake", metaphorical compound
pir [pir] : ear : Proto-Hick *piru → pir : (final vowel loss) : Examples:
- pir'er [ˈpir.ʔer] "to listen" < pir-'er "ear-VERB"
- pirthral [ˈpir.θral] "ritual hearing" < pir-thral "ear-sacred" Note: Forms compounds relating to hearing and ritual attention
kar [kar] : nose : Proto-Hick *karu → kar : (final vowel loss) : Note: Forms verb kar'er "to smell"
krak [krak] : tooth : Proto-Hick *kraku → krak : (final vowel loss) : Note: Forms verb krak'er "to bite". See also: Initial Clusters
kun [kun] : knee : Proto-Hick *kunu → kun : (final vowel loss) : Note: Used in compounds for joint terms
sul [sul] : liver : Proto-Hick *sulu → sul : (final vowel loss)
kol [kol] : neck : Proto-Hick *kolu → kol : (final vowel loss)
ret [ret] : arm : Proto-Hick *retu → ret : (final vowel loss) : See: Body Parts
trask [trask] : leg : Proto-Hick *tarasaku → trask : (syncope, final vowel loss) : See: Body Parts
wak [wak] : breast : Proto-Hick *waka → wak : (final vowel loss) : See: Body Parts
wak'eth [wak.ʔeθ] : breastfeeding : waka-ethe "breast-ABL" → wak'eth : (compound formation, glottal stop insertion) : Note: Nominal form reanalyzed from ablative case See: Body Parts, Basic Actions
wakat [wa.kat] : nipple : waka-xitu "breast-knot" → wakat : (compound formation, unstressed vowel reduction) : See: Body Parts
wak'ai [wak.ʔai] : milk : waka-ahi "breast-water" → wak'ai : (compound formation, vowel coalescence) : See: Body Parts, Food & Drink
kanmil [kan.mil] : brain : kan-mil "head-fat" Note: Reflects early anatomical understanding of brain tissue as a fatty substance See: Food & Consumption Terms
sat [sat] : appendage; penis : Proto-Hick *satu → sat : (final vowel loss) : Note: Basic term for appendages, with anatomical extension. Forms compounds for specific body parts. See: Body Parts
Face Terms
lis [lis] : eye : Proto-Hick *lisu → lis : (final vowel loss) : See: Sacred Terms, Bird Terms
thir [θir] : hair, fur : Proto-Hick *thiru → thir : (final vowel loss) : See: Colors, Animal Terms
sim [sim] : fine hair, lash : Proto-Hick *simu → sim : (final vowel loss) : See: Plant Terms
bran [bran] : brow, ridge : Proto-Hick *branu → bran : (final vowel loss)
Trunk Terms
kir [kir] : chest, front : Proto-Hick *esgiru → kir : (final vowel loss) : See: Sacred Terms, Person Terms
dor [dor] : back, behind : Proto-Hick *doru → dor : (final vowel loss) : See: Landscape Terms, Maritime Terms
pal [pal] : belly, center : Proto-Hick *palu → pal : (final vowel loss) : See: Sacred Terms, Landscape Terms
thal [θal] : side, flank : Proto-Hick *thalu → thal : (final vowel loss) : See: Landscape Terms
vinusam [vi.nu.sam] : shoulder : PH *vinu xasamu "yoke rest" Note: Names shoulder for its function as resting place for burdens See: Body Parts
dorgar [dor.gər] : spine : dor-gar "back-bone" Note: Transparent descriptive compound See: Body Parts
kir'irur [kir.ʔi.rur] : ribcage : kir-'irur "chest-container" Note: Conceptualizes ribcage as a container/basket, parallel to 'irurlis "gourd/container" See: Food & Consumption Terms for 'irurlis
kirgar [kir.gər] : rib : kir-gar "chest-bone" Note: Single bone of the ribcage; plural makirgar for full set of ribs See: Body Parts, kir'irur "ribcage"
brast [brast] : dominant arm : Proto-Hick *bara-satu "prominent-appendage" → brast (compound fusion) Note: Specifically refers to dominant arm, contrasting with ret "arm (general)". Forms verb brast'er "to reach". Cultural link to tak "right (direction)". See: Body Parts
Internal
mar [mar] : blood, life-fluid : Proto-Hick *maru → mar : (final vowel loss) : See: Colors, Sacred Terms, Metals
ter [ter] : flow, fluid : Proto-Hick *teru → ter : (final vowel loss) : See: Water Features, Maritime Terms
mel [mel] : tallow, animal fat : PH melu "liquid" Note: Shows semantic narrowing from general liquid to specifically animal fat See: Body Parts
kirmel [kir.mel] : chest/organ fat : kir-mel "chest-fat" Note: Distinguishes valuable internal fat deposits from other types
du [du] : meat : Proto-Hick *duha → du : (final vowel loss) : Note: Basic term for animal flesh as food. Forms compounds with other food terms See: Body Parts for muscle/flesh meanings
vinlas [vin.las] : fetus, unborn child : vin-las "pregnancy-ILL" → vinlas : (case lexicalization) : Note: Shows lexicalization of illative case marking location within. See: Person Terms, Body Terms
Derived Terms
kawak [ka.wak] : soft : ka-wak "breast-like" → kawak : (compound fusion) : Note: From metaphorical extension of wak "breast". Shows cultural association between softness and nurturing. Forms natural contrast with kagar "hard". See: Body Parts, Abstract Concepts
Bodily Functions & States
Basic Terms
duwes [du.wes] : eat, consume : Proto-Hick *duha-wesu → duwes : (compound fusion) : See: Directional System
mulis [mu.lis] : dream, vision : Proto-Hick *muruhilisu → mulis : (compound reduction) : See: Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts
hilis [hi.lis] : sight : Proto-Hick *hi-lisu → hilis : (animacy prefix) See: Body Parts
vin [vin] : pregnancy : Proto-Hick *venu "yoke" → vinu : (compound reduction) : Inland dialects use vinused < *venu-sedu "burden-seed" See: Body Parts, Sacred Terms Note: From "burden-seed"; shows vowel harmony in compound reduction See: Body Parts, Sacred Terms
imeresp [i.me.resp] : sleep : Proto-Hick *imer-esp → imeresp : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows metaphorical extension of breath/spirit sinking to indicate sleep See: Spirit Terms, Body Parts
Derived Terms
vinuimris [vi.nu.im.ris] : to give birth : Proto-Hick *vinu-imris → vinuimris : (ellative case) : Note: Lexicalized from ellative case of "pregnancy" See: Verbal Terms, Sacred Terms
murvinuiter [mur.vi.nu.i.ter] : abortion : murvinu-imris "stillbirth-ELL" → murvinuiter : (ellative case) Note: Uses ellative case to indicate "from/out of stillbirth" See: Body Parts, Sacred Terms
pakupak [ˈpa.ku.pək] : tickle : Proto-Hick *pakupaku → pakupak : (final vowel loss) : Note: Preserves onomatopoeic reduplication, shows unstressed vowel reduction See: Basic Terms
gralimris [gra.lim.ris] : excrement : gral-imris "soil-ELL" → gralimris : (case lexicalization) : Note: Formal/medical term derived from ellative case of "soil". See: Medical Terms, Body Terms
murvinu [mur.vi.nu] : stillbirth : mur-vinu "night-pregnancy" → murvinu : (compound fusion) : Note: Uses mur- "darkness" metaphorically for death See: Body Parts, Sacred Terms
mulislas [mu.lis.las] : dream-state : mulis-las → mulislas : (directional suffix)
mulisimris [mu.li.sim.ris] : awakening : mulis-imris → mulisimris : (directional suffix)
sinibel [si.ni.bel] : taste : sin-ibel "float-tongue" → sinibel : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows metaphorical extension of floating motion to sensory perception See: Taste Terms, Body Parts
gralimris [gra.lim.ris] : excrement : gral-imris "soil-ELL" → gralimris : (case lexicalization) : Note: Formal/medical term derived from ellative case of "soil". See: Medical Terms, Body Terms
Speech Terms
Basic Terms
imbel [im.bel] : bad language, swear words : Proto-Hick *im-bel → imbel : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows metaphorical extension of "evil tongue" to refer to taboo speech. See: Body Parts, Speech Terms
Taboo Terms
saw [saw] : shit : Eldrim saw "filth, putrescence" → saw : (borrowed term) : Note: Strong vulgar term, borrowed from Eldrim term of extreme disgust. Shows cultural intensification of borrowed insult. See: Taboo Terms
Medical Terms
Illness Terms
imbris [im.bris] : fever, harmful heat : Proto-Hick *im-bris → imbris : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows productive use of im- prefix for negative conditions. See: Medical Terms, Body States, Illness Terms
arsil [ar.sil] : open wound, cut : Proto-Hick *ar-sil → arsil : (compound fusion) : Note: Basic term for visible wounds. Forms verb arsil'er "to wound". See: Medical Terms, Body Terms
dup [dup] : pearl; lump, mass : Proto-Hick *dupu "pearl" → dup : (final vowel loss) : Note: Shows semantic extension from "pearl" to general "rounded mass". See: Body Terms, Medical Terms
Injury Terms
dudup [du.dup] : swollen muscle : Proto-Hick *du-dup → dudup : (compound fusion) : Note: Specific term for muscular swelling. See: Body Terms
kandup [kan.dup] : head lump, bump on head : Proto-Hick *kan-dup → kandup : (compound fusion) : Note: Specific term for cranial swelling. See: Medical Terms
Architecture
Basic Terms
iskel [is.kel] : window : Proto-Hick *is-kel → iskel : (compound fusion)
iskelai [is.ke.lai] : window condensation : Proto-Hick *is-kel-ai → iskelai : (compound fusion)
asad [a.sad] : bridge : Proto-Hick *hasa-wadu → asad : (compound fusion) : Note: From 'vine' + 'path', shows typical development of infrastructure terms from natural materials
Military
branlir [bran.lir] : watchtower : Proto-Hick *bran-lir → branlir : (compound fusion)
Construction Terms
arasud [a.ra.sud] : plank, cut timber : Proto-Hick *xarasa-wudu → arasud : (initial fricative loss, compound fusion) : Note: From *xaru "cut" + *asa (PERL) + *wudu "wood", literally "cut-through wood"
'it [ʔit] : knot (in wood); falsehood : Proto-Hick *xitu → 'it : (initial fricative loss, final vowel loss) : Note: Primary meaning refers to natural knots in wood/lumber. Abstract meaning "falsehood" derives from concept of deviation in wood grain. See: Construction Terms, Abstract Concepts
Vehicular Terms
Basic Terms
tre [tre] : wagon, cart : Proto-Hick *mataru → matre → tre : (final vowel loss) : Note: Back-formed from matre through reanalysis of ma- as plural prefix. See: Vehicle Terms
matre [ma.tre] : caravan : Proto-Hick *mataru → matre : (compound fusion) : Note: Original form from *mataru, reanalyzed as plural compound leading to back-formation of tre. See: Vehicle Terms
mater [ma.ter] : vessel, boat : Proto-Hick *mataru-heru → mater : (compound fusion) : Note: From "vehicle-action", specialized for water transport. From same root *mataru as tre/matre but with different development. See: Maritime Terms
Derived Terms
matre [ma.tre] : caravan : Proto-Hick *mataru → matre : (compound fusion) : Note: Original form from *mataru, reanalyzed as plural compound leading to back-formation of tre. See: Vehicle Terms
Household Terms
arasaditar [a.ra.sa.di.tar] : table : Proto-Hick *arasad-itar → arasaditar Note: From arasad "plank" + -itar (SUPE), literally "elevated plank" See also Construction Terms
Climate & Weather
Temperature Terms
mir [mir] : cold, cooling : Proto-Hick *miru → mir : (final vowel loss) : See: Water Features, Time Terms
miral [mi.ral] : cold water, winter pool : Proto-Hick *mir-mal → miral (lit. "cold-pool") : (liquid deletion) : See: Sacred Terms, Water Features
thir [θir] : warm, warming : Proto-Hick *thiru → thir : (final vowel loss) : See: Colors, Sacred Terms
thiral [θi.ral] : warm water, summer pool : Proto-Hick *thir-mal → thiral (lit. "warm-pool") (liquid deletion) : See: Water Features
Wind Terms
bres [bres] : wind, moving air : Proto-Hick *bresu → bres : (final vowel loss) : See: Maritime Terms
Cardinal Winds
torulbres [to.rul.bres] : north wind : Proto-Hick *tor-ul-bres → torulbres : (compound fusion) : Note: Literally "mountain's wind". Later replaced by eldalulbres in many regions after Eldrim contact. See: Landforms
eldalulbres [el.da.lul.bres] : north wind : Proto-Hick *eldal-ul-bres → eldalulbres : (compound fusion) : Note: Emerged after Eldrim conflicts, eventually replacing torulbres in most dialects. Shows cultural trauma associated with northern winds.
kethulbres [ke.θul.bres] : east wind : Proto-Hick *keth-ul-bres → kethulbres : (compound fusion) : Note: Common in eastern coastal regions. See: Maritime Terms
thilulbres [θi.lul.bres] : south wind : Proto-Hick *thil-ul-bres → thilulbres : (compound fusion) : Note: Associated with favorable weather and good fortune. Shows semantic link between moral and natural forces.
aitarulbres [ai.ta.rul.bres] : west wind : Proto-Hick *aitar-ul-bres → aitarulbres : (compound fusion) : Note: Primarily used in coastal regions, associated with rainfall patterns. Inland regions often used libres. See: Water Terms
Regional Variations
libres [li.bres] : gentle wind : Proto-Hick *li-bres → libres : (compound fusion) : Note: Used primarily inland for weakened western winds after mountain crossing. Shows regional variation in wind terminology.
Seasonal Terms
mirthral [mir.θral] : winter : Proto-Hick *mir-thral → mirthral (lit. "cold-day") : (compound fusion) : See: Time Terms
thirthral [θir.θral] : summer : Proto-Hick *thir-thral → thirthral (lit. "warm-day") : (compound fusion) : See: Time Terms
branthral [bran.θral] : spring : Proto-Hick *bran-thral → branthral (lit. "dawn-day") : (compound fusion) : See: Time Terms
thurthral [θur.θral] : autumn : Proto-Hick *thur-thral → thurthral (lit. "dusk-day") : (compound fusion) : See: Time Terms
thranal [θra.nal] : seasons : Proto-Hick *thran-thral → thranal : (liquid deletion) : Note: Shows cyclical time through metaphor of countless sacred days See: Time Terms, Sacred Terms
Musical Terms
Basic Terms
takutak [ˈta.ku.tək] : rhythm : Proto-Hick *takutaku → takutak : (final vowel loss) : Note: Preserves onomatopoeic reduplication
'irur [ʔi.rur] : repetition : Proto-Hick *heru-heru → 'irur : (compound reduction) : Note: Shows reduplication of root *heru "action"
Instruments
'irurtak [ʔi.rur.tak] : drum : Proto-Hick *'irur-tak → 'irurtak : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows cultural connection between hollow objects and percussion instruments
Person Terms
Basic Terms
'al [ʔal] : person : Proto-Hick hi- animacy marker + Proth-Hick *ʔalu "person" → 'al (final vowel loss) See: Political Terms
kir [kir] : body, physical form : Proto-Hick *kiru → kir : (final vowel loss) : See: Body Parts, Sacred Terms
kiris [ki.ris] : outsider : Proto-Hick *kiru-ʔisu "body-out" → kiris : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows archaic directional suffix. See: Person Terms
kiriter [ki.ri.ter] : foreigner, stranger : Inland Hick kir-iter "body-ELL" Note: Borrowed from inland dialects with productive ellative suffix -iter (vs coastal -imris). Contrasts with archaic kiris. See: Person Terms, Directional Terms
gal [gal] : man : Proto-Hick garu + ʔalu → gar'el "hard-person" → gal
wen'al [wen.ʔal] : woman : Proto-Hick wen-'al "flower person" → wen'al : (compound fusion)
'eldal [ʔl.dal] : elf (individual) : Proto-Hick elda+'al "elf-person" → 'eldal : (compound reduction) Note: Borrowing from Sindarin eldrim with native person marker See: Person Terms, Sacred Terms
'eldalok [ʔel.da.lok] : elven people : Proto-Hick 'eldal-ok "elf-AGENT" → 'eldalok : (agentive marking) Note: Collective form using agentive suffix to mark social group See: Person Terms, Sacred Terms
ma'alok [ma.ʔa.lok] : community member : Proto-Hick ma'al-ok "community-AGENT" → ma'alok : (agentive suffix) Note: Shows productive use of agentive suffix with collective terms. Compare ma'al "community" and 'al "person". See: Person Terms, Political Terms
vinok [vi.nok] : baby, infant : Proto-Hick vin-ok "pregnancy-AGENT" → vinok : (agentive suffix) Note: Shows semantic extension from agentive to resultative meaning. See: Person Terms, Kinship Terms
imasamok [i.ma.sa.mok] : coward : Proto-Hick imasam-ok "cower-AGENT" → imasamok : (agentive suffix) Note: Literally "one who cowers". Shows productive use of agentive suffix with compound base. See: Person Terms
toreldal [to.rel.dal] : High Elf : tor-eldal "AUG-elf" → toreldal : (compound fusion) : (final vowel loss)
edel [e.del] : Wood Elf : Sindarin eðel + pre-Early Hick ʔal → edel : (dental fricative stopping, suffix integration)
ithiril [i.θi.ril] : Dark Elf : Drow Ilythiiri + pre-Early Hick ʔal → ithiril : (initial syllable loss, vowel reduction, suffix integration)
Spirit Terms
imer [i.mer] : breath, soul : Proto-Hick *imeru → imer : (final vowel loss) : See: Sacred Terms
imerlas [i.mer.las] : inspiration : Proto-Hick *imer-las → imerlas : (compound fusion)
imerimris [i.me.rim.ris] : expression : Proto-Hick *imer-imris → imerimris : (compound fusion)
Derived Terms
ma'al [ma.ʔal] : community, tribe : Proto-Hick ma-'al "COLL-person" → ma'al : (compound fusion) : See: Political Terms Note: Collective term implying social/political unity rather than simple plurality
vinlas [vin.las] : fetus, unborn child : Proto-Hick vin-las "pregnancy-ILL" → vinlas : (case lexicalization) : Note: Shows lexicalization of illative case marking location within. See: Person Terms, Body Terms 1
Name & Identity Terms
bar [bar] : name, mark of identity : Proto-Hick *baru → bar : (final vowel loss) : Note: Core term for personal and social identity
barlas [ba.r.las] : personal name : Proto-Hick bar-las "name-ILL" → barlas : (case lexicalization) : Note: Used for intimate/personal names
barimris [ba.rim.ris] : reputation, public name : Proto-Hick bar-imris "name-ELL" → barimris : (case lexicalization) : Note: Used for social standing and public identity
bar'er [bar.ʔer] : to name, to call : Proto-Hick bar-'er "name-VERB" → bar'er : (verbalizer suffix) : Note: Basic verb for naming/calling
Compound Terms
thralbar [θral.bar] : sacred name : Proto-Hick thral-bar "sacred-name" → thralbar : (compound fusion) : Note: Used in ritual contexts
barul [ba.rul] : name-keeper : Proto-Hick bar-ul "name-POSS" → barul : (possessive suffix) : Note: One who maintains genealogical records
mobar [mo.bar] : unnamed, nameless : Proto-Hick mo-bar "NEG-name" → mobar : (negation prefix) : Note: Used for both literal namelessness and social outcasts
Political Terms
Basic Terms
ma'al [ma.ʔal] : community, tribe : Proto-Hick ma-'al "COLL-person" → ma'al See: Person Terms
ma'alok [ma.ʔa.lok] : community member : Proto-Hick ma'al-ok "community-AGENT" → ma'alok : (agentive suffix) Note: Shows productive use of agentive suffix with collective terms. Compare ma'al "community" and 'al "person". See: Person Terms, Political Terms
im'irok [im.ʔi.rok] : enemy, adversary : Proto-Hick im'ir-ok "ill.intent-AGENT" → im'irok : (agentive suffix) Note: Shows productive use of agentive suffix with abstract concepts. See: Person Terms, Sacred Terms
Communication Terms
paket [pa.ket] : talk : Proto-Hick *pakata → paket : (final vowel loss, vowel reduction) : Note: Forms verb paket'er "to speak, to talk" See: Social Terms
Social Terms
Basic Terms
paket [pa.ket] : talk : Proto-Hick *pakata → paket : (final vowel loss, vowel reduction) : Note: Forms verb paket'er "to speak, to talk" See: Communication Terms
ma'alok [ma.ʔa.lok] : community member : Proto-Hick ma'al-ok "community-AGENT" → ma'alok : (agentive suffix) Note: Shows productive use of agentive suffix with collective terms. Compare ma'al "community" and 'al "person". See: Person Terms, Political Terms
natlas [nat.las] : friend : Proto-Hick gnater-las "desire-ILL" → natlas : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows cluster simplification and case lexicalization. From "one in a state of desire/affection" to "friend". Compare grammaticalized desiderative -nat. See: Social Terms, Case System
Love Terms
sibris [si.bris] : romantic love : Proto-Hick *silu-hibrisu → sibris (compound fusion) Note: From "skin-fire", metaphorical extension to passionate but potentially fleeting emotion. Contrasts with meris "enduring love". See: Abstract Concepts
meris [me.ris] : unconditional love : Proto-Hick *meru-risu → meris : (compound fusion) Note: From "heart-towards", metaphorical extension to deep, lasting emotional bond. Shows archaic lative case usage. See: Abstract Concepts, Case System
dakisa [da.ki.sa] : infatuation : Proto-Hick *daluku-isa-hihasa → dakisa : (liquid deletion) (compound reduction) Note: Literally "snake in the gut"; metaphorical extension for intense desire See: Body Parts, Sacred Terms
Exchanges
'iruretil [ʔi.ru.re.til] : gift : Proto-Hick 'irur-etil "hollow-thing" → 'iruretil : (compound fusion) Note: Shows cultural link between containers and proper gifts. Always inanimate. See: Material Culture
'irursibris [ʔi.rur.sib.ris] : ceremonial gift, dowry : Proto-Hick 'irur-sibris "hollow-love" → 'irursibris : (compound fusion) Note: Used for significant life events and marriage gifts. Shows cultural formalization of gift-giving. See: Sacred Terms
Conflict Terms
Basic Terms
imwes [im.wes] : invade, encroach upon : Proto-Hick *im-wes → imwes : (compound fusion) Note: Shows productive use of im- prefix for harmful actions. Forms verb imwes'er. See: Action Terms, Conflict Terms
Kinship Terms
Basic Terms
ba [ba] : father : Proto-Hick *bahu → ba : (vowel coalescence)
nai [nai] : mother : Proto-Hick *nahi → nai : (vowel coalescence)
mer [mer] : parent : Proto-Hick *meru → mer : (final vowel loss) See: Bird Terms, Sacred Terms, Animals Note: Metaphorical extension from bird terminology reflecting cultural values
thir [θir] : elder : Proto-Hick *thiru → thir (metaphorical extension from "air/white")
lis [lis] : child : Proto-Hick *li-su → lis (lit. "little one") : (final vowel loss) Note: Semantic d\lopment parallels diminutive formations (see lines 627-630) See: Kinship Terms, Diminutive Formation
Compound Terms
merlis [mer.lis] : offspring : Proto-Hick mer-lis "parent-child" → merlis : (compound fusion)
bran [bran] : lineage, family branch : Proto-Hick *bahu lu-haranu → bran : (lit. "split from father") : (compound fusion) (liquid deletion) Note: Same term used for tree branch; see Flora Terms
thirmer [θir.mer] : grandparent : Proto-Hick thir-mer "elder-parent" → thirmer : (compound fusion)
thirlis [θir.lis] : grandchild : Proto-Hick thir-lis "elder-child" → thirlis : (compound fusion)
tormer [tor.mer] : ancestor : Proto-Hick tor-mer "great-parent" → tormer : (compound fusion)
limer [li.mer] : younger parent/aunt/uncle : Proto-Hick li-mer "small-parent" → limer : (compound fusion)
thirba [θir.ba] : grandfather : Proto-Hick thir-ba "elder-father" → thirba : (compound fusion)
thirnai [θir.nai] : grandmother : Proto-Hick thir-nai "elder-mother" → thirnai : (compound fusion)
torba [tor.ba] : ancestor (paternal) : Proto-Hick tor-ba "great-father" → torba : (compound fusion)
tornai [tor.nai] : ancestor (maternal) : Proto-Hick tor-nai "great-mother" → tornai : (compound fusion)
liba [li.ba] : uncle (paternal) : Proto-Hick li-ba "lesser-father" → liba : (compound fusion)
linai [li.nai] : aunt (maternal) : Proto-Hick li-nai "lesser-mother" → linai : (compound fusion)
vinok [vi.nok] : baby, infant : Proto-Hick vin-ok "pregnancy-AGENT" → vinok : (agentive suffix) Note: Shows semantic extension from agentive to resultative meaning. See: Person Terms, Kinship Terms
kethbran [keθ.bran] : kin, extended family : Proto-Hick keth-bran "hundred-lineage" → kethbran : (compound fusion) Note: Shows metaphorical extension of "hundred lineages" to mean extended family/kin. See: Family Terms, Social Terms
Usage Examples
merlis-el thirmer-es thren-ʔer
offspring-ERG grandparent-ABS watch-ACT
"The offspring watches the grandparent"
Number System
Basic Numbers
sin [sin] : one : Proto-Hick *su-inu → sin (counting form) : (final vowel loss)
tir [tir] : two : Proto-Hick *tiru → tir (basic form) : (final vowel loss)
thal [θal] : three : Proto-Hick *thalu → thal (basic form) : (final vowel loss)
fen [fen] : four : Proto-Hick *fen-inu → fen (counting form) : (final vowel loss)
pil [pil] : five : Proto-Hick *pilu → pil (basic form) : (final vowel loss)
sek [sek] : six : Proto-Hick *seku → sek (basic form) : (final vowel loss)
pran [pran] : seven : Proto-Hick *pran-inu → pran (counting form) : (final vowel loss)
kres [kres] : eight : Proto-Hick *kresu → kres (basic form) : (final vowel loss)
sinkres [sin.kres] : nine : Proto-Hick sin-kres "one-eight" → sinkres : (compound fusion)
tirkres [tir.kres] : ten : Proto-Hick tir-kres "two-eight" → tirkres : (compound fusion)
keth [keθ] : hundred : Proto-Hick *kethu → keth : (final vowel loss)
thran [θran] : thousand : Proto-Hick *thran-inu → thran (counting form) : (final vowel loss)
Derived Number Terms
makres [ma.kres] : many : ma-kres "PL-eight" → makres : (compound fusion)
masin [ma.sin] : everyone : ma-sin "PL-one" → masin : (compound fusion)
mathal [ma.θal] : group (of people) : ma-thal "PL-three" → mathal : (compound fusion)
haran [ha.ran] : divide (numbers) : Proto-Hick *haranu → haran : (final vowel loss)
-eth [-eθ] : inanimate ordinal suffix : Proto-Hick *-ethu → -eth : (final vowel loss)
imurai [i.mu.rai] : stinky : Proto-Hick *imur-ai → imurai : (compound fusion) Note: Describes an unpleasant smell, metaphorically derived from the concept of bad air.
Negative Terms
im [im] : evil, abstract negativity : Proto-Hick *ʔimru → im : (liquid deletion)
'imur [ʔi.mur] : evil force : Proto-Hick *hi-muru → 'imur : (animacy prefix) : (final vowel loss)
imurmal [i.mur.mal] : evil pool, cursed waters; swamp : imur-mal → imurmal : (compound fusion)
imurtor [i.mur.tor] : evil peak, forbidden mountain : imur-tor → imurtor : (compound fusion)
imurwad [i.mur.wad] : evil path, dangerous route : imur-wad → imurwad : (compound fusion)
imurthral [i.mur.θral] : cursed day/time : imur-thral → imurthral : (compound fusion) : Note: Maintains second element due to sacred term : See: Time Terms
imurai [i.mu.rai] : stinky : imur-ai "bad-air" → imurai : (compound fusion) : Note: Describes an unpleasant smell, metaphorically derived from the concept of bad air
Tactile Properties
Basic Terms
kagar [ka.gar] : hard : ka-gar "stone-like" → kagar : (compound fusion) : Note: From metaphorical extension of stone : See: Material Terms
kawak [ka.wak] : soft : ka-wak "breast-like" → kawak : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows cultural association between softness and nurturing : See: Body Parts
bris [bris] : heat : Proto-Hick *brisu → bris : (final vowel loss) : See: Elements
mir [mir] : cold : Proto-Hick *miru → mir : (final vowel loss) : See: Water Features
Place Names
'eldegral [ʔel.də.gral] : Feywild : 'eldal "elf" + -gral "earth" → 'eldegral : (compound reduction) : Note: Shows vowel reduction in middle syllable and sacred earth metaphor : See: Sacred Terms, Landforms
Demonstratives
'is [ʔis] : this (animate) : Proto-Hick *'isa → 'is : (final vowel loss)
is [is] : this (inanimate) : Proto-Hick *isa → is : (final vowel loss)
tan [tan] : that (animate) : Proto-Hick *tana → tan : (final vowel loss)
en [en] : that (inanimate) : Proto-Hick *ena → en : (final vowel loss)
Examples
tal-en [ˈta.len] : that place : tal-en "place-that" → talen : (compound fusion)
mal-en [ˈma.len] : that pool : mal-en "pool-that" → malen : (compound fusion)
Derivational Patterns
Augmentative/Diminutive
tor- [tor] : augmentative prefix "great" : Proto-Hick *toru → tor : (final vowel loss)
Examples
tornes [ˈtor.nes] : whale : tor-nes "great-fish" → tornes : (compound fusion)
tomal [ˈto.məl] : lake : tor-mal "great-pool" → tomal : (liquid deletion) : Note: Shows liquid deletion and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables
li- [li] : diminutive prefix "small" : Proto-Hick *lisu → li : (final vowel loss)
Examples
limal [ˈli.məl] : pond : li-mal "small-pool" → limal : (compound fusion)
limur [ˈli.mur] : small owl : li-mur "small-owl" → limur : (compound fusion) : Note: Triggers reduction in following syllables
Adjectival Suffix
ka- [ka] : similative prefix "like, having quality of" : Proto-Hick *kasa → ka : (final vowel loss) : Note: Developing from similarity marker to general adjectivizer
Examples
kasul [ka.sul] : energetic : ka-sul "liver-like" → kasul : (compound fusion)
kames [ka.mes] : emotional : ka-mes "heart-like" → kames : (compound fusion)
kamar [ka.mar] : red, ruddy : ka-mar "blood-like" → kamar : (compound fusion)
kagral [ka.gral] : earthy : ka-gral "earth-like" → kagral : (compound fusion)
kalis [ka.lis] : clear, obvious : ka-lis "eye-like" → kalis : (compound fusion)
Agentive Suffix
-ok [-ok] : agent :Proto-Hick *oku → ok
Common Phrases & Expressions
Greetings & Well-Wishes
'al-el 'ilitar venuiter-es : congratulations on your birth/happy birthday : lit. "person-ERG good-upon birth-ABS" : Note: Formal congratulatory expression using superessive case : See: Case System
'imeritares [ʔi.me.ri.ta.res] ~ imeritares [i.me.ri.ta.res] ~ imritares [im.ri.ta.res] : welcome; raised spirits : 'imer "life" + -itar (SUPE) + -es (ABS) → ('i)meritares : (case lexicalization) : Note: Formal greeting. Dialectal loss of initial glottal stop allows semantic extension from "upon life" to "raised breath/soul" through reanalysis with imer "breath/soul" + superessive -itar. Common usage leads to simplified form imritares : See: Spirit Terms, Common Phrases
'ilitar sarespes [ʔi.li.tar sa.res.pes] : Happy New Year : lit. "goodness upon the sprout" : Note: Traditional New Year greeting exchanged on sinthir sarespul thrales. Shows cultural link between agricultural cycles and well-wishing. The formal construction with superessive -itar reflects the blessing's ritual nature : See: Time Terms, Sacred Terms, Common Phrases
Cultural Practices
'irurlises duwesimris [ʔi.rur.lis.es du.we.sim.ris] : gift-giving : 'irur-lis-es duwes-imris "hollow-fruit-ABS feed-ELL" → 'irurlises duwesimris : Note: Cultural practice of giving filled gourds as gifts during harvest festivals, metaphorically described as "feeding the gourd"
sinthir sarespul thrales [ˈsin.θir sa.ˈres.pul ˈθra.les] : New Year's Day; first day of spring : lit. "first sprout's day" : Note: Marks the agricultural new year when the first sprout emerges. Shows the cultural significance of plant growth cycles in Early Hick timekeeping. The use of animate ordinal (-thir) reflects the personification of the first sprout as an active participant in the yearly cycle : See: Time Terms, Sacred Terms, Flora & Agriculture
Sound Changes in Compounds
Liquid Deletion
tor-mal → tomal "lake" thral-gral → thragral "sacred earth" See: Late Hick Sound Changes
Nasal Deletion
bram-mal → bramal "tidal pool" bran-kel → brakel "morning sky" See: Sound Changes in Compounds
Compound Simplification
tor-mur-mer → tomur "great owl" thur-mur-mer → thurmur "dusk owl" li-mur-mer → limur "small owl" See: Compound Simplification
Cross-Reference Index
- Water terminology appears in:
- Height terminology relates to:
- Time concepts connect to:
- Color terms derive from:
Example Sentences
-
ai-es ter-ʔer
water-ABS flow-ACT
"Water flows" -
mal-thir-el ai-es ward-ter
pool-KNOWN.ANIM-ERG water-ABS contain-to
"The known pool contains water" -
tor-thir-es thral-ʔer
peak-KNOWN.ANIM-ABS sacred-ACT
"The known peak is sacred" -
materok-el kethmater-im-ris keth-es ward-ter
boatman-ERG sea.vessel-PROX-ELL sea-ABS direct-to
"The boatman takes the sea vessel to the ocean" -
murmer-is-el sak-es thren-ʔer
owl-PROX.ANIM-ERG wolf-ABS watch-ACT
"This owl watches the wolf"