Early Hick Lexicon


    Early Hick Lexicon

    The Early Hick lexicon, as attested, consists of mostly noun forms. These nouns can represent a wide range of meanings, including actions, properties, or relationships, which are traditionally the domain of verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in other languages.

    For grammatical information and language overview, see Early Hick.

    Historical Sound Changes

    For Proto-Hick vowel harmony and its development into Early Hick, see: Proto-Hick Phonological Processes

    For stress-related vowel changes, see: Vowel Allophony

    Usage Notes

    1. Cross-references are marked with →
    2. Etymologies are shown in parentheses
    3. Compound derivations are marked with <
    4. Example sentences show full morphological analysis
    5. Apostrophes (') are used to transcribe glottal stops in phonemic transcriptions

    Action Terms

    Basic Actions

    'ir [ʔir] : movement, motion : action : Proto-Hick *heru → 'ir : (initial fricative change, final vowel loss) : Note: Source of verbalizer suffix -'er through grammaticalization. Forms basic verb 'ir'er "to do"

    tag'er [tag.ʔer] : to make, to craft : tag-'er "hand-VERB" → tag'er :(compound fusion) : Note: Shows concrete development from manual action to general creation. Contrasts with abstract 'ir'er "to do". See: Body Parts

    Physical Actions

    tak [tak] : strike, impact : Proto-Hick *taku → tak (final vowel loss) : Note: Onomatopoeic origin

    krak'er [krak.ʔer] : to bite < krak-'er "tooth-VERB" → krak'er : (verbalizer suffix)

    Perceptual Actions

    thren [θren] : watch, observe : Proto-Hick *threnu → thren : (final vowel loss) : Note: Basic perception verb

    hilis [hi.lis] : sight, active vision : Proto-Hick *hilisu → hilis : (final vowel loss) : Note: Forms two contrasting verbs: : - hilis'er "to look" (active/intentional seeing) : - his'er "to see" (passive/unintentional perception)

    pir'er [pir.ʔer] : to listen : pir-'er "ear-VERB" → pir'er : (compound fusion) : Note: Active perception verb. See: Body Parts

    pirlas'er [pir.las.ʔer] : to hear : pir-las-'er "ear-ILL-VERB" → pirlas'er : (compound fusion) : Note: Passive perception verb using illative to mark reception of sound. Contrasts with active pir'er "listen". See: Body Parts

    kar'er [kar.ʔer] : to smell : kar-'er "nose-VERB" → kar'er : (verbalizer suffix)

    Motion Actions

    'ir [ʔir] : movement, motion;action : Proto-Hick *heru → 'ir : (initial fricative change, final vowel loss) : Note: Source of verbalizer suffix -'er through grammaticalization

    'irur [ʔi.rur] : repetition, again : Proto-Hick heru-heru → 'irur : (initial fricative change, compound reduction) : Note: From reduplicated form ofheru "action". Forms grammaticalized iterative marker -rur/-ur through phonological reduction

    sinas [si.nas] : play; drift, passage : Proto-Hick *senu-asa-u → sinas : (final vowel loss, compound fusion) : Note: From *senu "float" + *asa (PERL) + *u (NOM), literally "floating through" : Primary meaning: "play", connected to free movement : Secondary meaning: "drift", related to play

    barak [ba.rak] : walking, gait : Proto-Hick *baraku → barak : (final vowel loss) : Note: Forms verb barak'er "to walk" with -'er suffix

    mabarak [ma.ba.rak] : march, collective walking : ma-barak → mabarak : (compound fusion) : Note: From plural marker + "walk", forms verb mabarak'er "to march". See also barak "walk"

    sin [sin] : floating : Proto-Hick *senu → sin : (final vowel loss) : Note: Forms verb sin'er "to float". See also Maritime Terms

    dak [dak] : snake : Proto-Hick *daluku → dak : (medial liquid loss, vowel reduction) : Note: From root meaning "slither", forms verb dak'er "to slither"

    norath [no.raθ] : to ride (a mount) : Eldrim nortʰa "to make run" → norath : (borrowed term) : Note: Early borrowing from Eldrim, shows cultural contact predating widespread horse domestication. : See: Animal Terms, Motion Actions

    trask'er [tras.kʔer] : to run : trask-'er "leg-VERB" → trask'er : (verbalizer suffix) : Note: Shows typical body part → action semantic extension. Forms common compounds: istrask'er "run out", lastrask'er "run in". : See: Motion Actions, Body Parts

    sinthir [sin.θir] : fly : sin-thir "float-air" → sinthir : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows metaphorical extension of floating motion to aerial movement. : See: Motion Actions, Basic Terms

    Bodily/Life Actions

    vinuimris [vi.nu.im.ris] : to give birth : vinu + imris (ELL) → vinuimris : (case lexicalization)

    venuiter [ve.nu.i.ter] : to give birth : venu-iter "burden-ELL.DIAL" : (dialectal case) : Note: Inland dialect form preserved in formal greetings, showing retention of older forms away from maritime influence : Note: Sacred term for childbirth

    murvinuiter [mur.vi.nu.i.ter] : to abort : mur + vinuiter → murvinuiter : (compound fusion) : Note: Literally "from night-birth"

    Consumption Actions

    gras [gras] : grass : Proto-Hick *grasu → gras : (final vowel loss) : Note: Forms verb gras'er "to graze", typically of animals feeding

    ter [ter] : flow, fluid motion : Proto-Hick *teru → ter : (final vowel loss) : Note: Forms verb ter'er "to drink". Flow meanings use directional affixes instead

    sinibel [si.ni.bel] : taste : sin-ibel "float-tongue" → sinibel : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows metaphorical extension of floating motion to sensory perception : See: Taste Terms, Body Parts

    Position/Stance Actions

    'irek [ʔi.rek] : stand; firmness : Proto-Hick *hi-reku → 'irek : (initial fricative change) : Note: Shows archaic animacy prefix, forms verb 'irek'er "to stand"

    asamitar [a.sa.mi.tar] : to sit, rest upon : asam-itar "rest-SUPER" → asamitar : (case lexicalization) : Note: From asam "rest, resting place" with superessive case, literally "rest upon". Shows common pattern of case suffixes becoming lexicalized into verbs. : See: Position/Stance Actions, Basic Terms

    asamasam [a.sa.ma.sam] : to lie down : asam-asam "rest-SUBE" → asamasam : (case lexicalization) : Note: From asam "rest" with subessive case -asam, literally "rest downward". Shows parallel formation to asamitar "sit". : See: Position/Stance Actions

    Magical/Sacred Actions

    kul'er [kul.ʔer] : to perform magic : kul + -'er → kul'er : (verbalizer suffix) : Note: Used in ritual contexts

    Emotional/Mental Actions

    sibris [si.bris] : romantic love : Proto-Hick *hibrisu "fire" → sibris : (initial fricative change) : Note: Metaphorical extension from "fire" to "passion/love" : See: Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts

    meris [me.ris] : unconditional love : Proto-Hick *meru-risu → meris : (compound fusion) : Note: From "heart-towards", metaphorical extension to deep, lasting emotional bond. Shows archaic lative case usage. : See: Abstract Concepts, Case System

    gnater [gna.ter] : desire : gnar-ter "correct-flow" → gnater : (compound fusion) : Note: Forms grammaticalized desiderative suffix -nat through phonological reduction : See: Basic Terms, Grammatical Terms

    'ilis [ʔi.lis] : knowledge : dialectal borrowing with animacy prefix : Note: Borrowed alongside hilis, shows stative/abstract development of perception root : Forms agent noun 'ilisok "teacher"

    'ilisimris'er [ʔi.li.sim.ris.ʔer] : to teach : 'ilis-imris "knowledge-ELL" → 'ilisimris'er : (case lexicalization) : Note: Literally "to cause knowledge to go out from", showing productive use of ellative for causative meanings. Forms agent noun 'ilisimrisok "teacher"

    imlis [im.lis] : fear, dread : im-lis "evil-see" → imlis : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows semantic development from "seeing evil" to general fear. Forms verb imlis'er "to fear". Contrasts with hilis "sight" and 'ilis "knowledge" : See: Emotional Terms, Perception Terms

    imasam [i.ma.sam] : to cower, hide from fear : im-asam "evil-rest" → imasam : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows metaphorical extension of "resting under" to fearful hiding. Forms agent noun imasamok "coward" : See: Emotional Terms, Position Terms

    imlisrur [im.lis.rur] : anxiety, constant fear : imlis-rur "fear-ITER" → imlisrur : (iterative suffix) : Note: Shows semantic extension of iterative aspect to ongoing mental state. Forms verb imlisrur'er "to be anxious". Contrasts with acute imlis "fear" : See: Mental States, Emotional Terms

    imlis'er [im.li.sʔer] : to flee, run from fear : imlis-'er "fear-VERB" → imlis'er : (verbalizer suffix) : Note: Shows development of fear emotion to motion verb. Contrasts with neutral trask'er "run (neutral)" : See: Motion Verbs

    imlisitar [im.li.si.tar] : to flinch, startle : imlis-itar "fear-SUPE" → imlisitar : (case lexicalization) : Note: Shows development of superessive case to indicate sudden upward motion : See: Motion Verbs, Case System

    Construction/Dwelling Actions

    vinud [vi.nud] : building, dwelling : Proto-Hick *venu-wudu → vinud : (compound fusion) : Note: From 'burden' + 'wood', forms verb vinud'er "to build, to dwell"

    Tool/Craft Actions

    ar [ar] : cut, cutting action : Proto-Hick *xaru → ar : (initial fricative loss, final vowel loss) : Note: Forms verb ar'er "to cut"

    arum [a.rum] : sketch; draw : Proto-Hick *xaru-uma → arum : (initial fricative loss, compound fusion) : Note: From "cut" with archaic allative case, showing semantic extension from physical cutting to artistic marking

    'irur [ʔi.rur] : hollow : Proto-Hick *heru-lumuru → 'irur : (compound fusion) : Note: Derived from "act of emptying," reflecting the concept of hollowness

    'ihir [ʔi.hir] : to mine (for ore) : Proto-Hick *heru lu xiru → 'ihir : (compound fusion) : Note: Literally "move through ore", shows development of specialized mining terminology

    Conflict Actions

    imwes [im.wes] : invade, encroach upon : im-wes "evil-enclose" → imwes : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows productive use of im- prefix for harmful actions. Forms verb imwes'er : See: Action Terms, Conflict Terms

    Core Semantic Fields

    Basic Terms

    Basic Terms

    haran [ha.ran] : split, divide : Proto-Hick *haranu → haran : (final vowel loss, stress shift) : See: Proto-Hick Phonological Processes

    ward [ward] : direct, guide; travel with : Proto-Hick *wardu → ward : (final vowel loss) : See: Sacred Terms

    tak [tak] : strike, impact; right (direction) : Proto-Hick *taku → tak : (final vowel loss) : Note: Onomatopoeic origin; directional sense from cultural association with dominant striking hand : See: Directional Terms

    stor [stor] : grow; add, increment : Proto-Hick *storu → stor : (final vowel loss) : Note: Mathematical sense developed from basic meaning "grow" : See: Sacred Terms

    'imer [ʔi.mer] : life : Proto-Hick *hi-mer → 'imer : (animacy prefix) : See: Spirit Terms

    temer [te.mer] : death : Proto-Hick *telu-himeru → temer : (compound reduction) : Note: Literally "end of life" : See: Spirit Terms, Sacred Terms

    istor [is.tor] : growth (living) : Proto-Hick *hi-storu → istor : (initial sibilant loss, final vowel loss) : See: Sacred Terms

    gnar [gnar] : correct : Proto-Hick *gnaru → gnar : (final vowel loss) : See: Sacred Terms

    etil [e.til] : thing : Proto-Hick *etilu → etil : (final vowel loss) : See: Basic Terms

    'etil [ʔe.til] : living thing : Proto-Hick *hi-etilu → 'etil : (animacy prefix) : Note: Shows animacy marking through glottal prefix : See: Spirit Terms, Sacred Terms

    'il [ʔil] : good, kind : Proto-Hick *hi-halu → 'il : (initial fricative change, vowel coalescence) : Note: Shows archaic animacy marking through glottal prefix : See: Sacred Terms, Basic Terms

    ven [ven] : yoke, burden : Proto-Hick *venu → ven : (final vowel loss) : See: Basic Terms, Tool Terms

    vin [vin] : pregnancy : Proto-Hick *venu "yoke" → vinu : (compound reduction) : Inland dialects use vinused < *venu-sedu "burden-seed" : See: Body Parts, Sacred Terms

    pak [pak] : poke : Proto-Hick *paku → pak : (final vowel loss) : See: Tool Terms

    asam [a.səm] : rest, resting place : Proto-Hick *xasamu : Note: Shows regular voiced glottal fricative loss. Source of subessive case marker -asam "under, beneath" through metaphorical extension of "resting place" : See: Body Parts for compound vinusam "shoulder"

    wes [wes] : cover, enclose : Proto-Hick *wesu → wes : (final vowel loss) : Note: Basic term for enclosure/covering. Forms compounds for containers : Examples: : - wes'er "to cover, enclose" (with verbalizer -'er) : - kawes "enclosed" (with adjectival ka-)

    ewes [e.wes] : together with; together : Proto-Hick ʔelu-lawes → ewes : (compound fusion) : Note: From instrumentalʔelu "by means of" + *lawes "consume", showing semantic development from "consuming with" to general accompaniment : Functions both as pre-absolutive adverbial marker and independent lexical item : See: Basic Terms, Grammatical Terms

    'ibri ['ib.ri] : excrement, manure : Proto-Hick *'ibari → 'ibri : (vowel loss) : Note: Basic term for excrement. Forms compounds for agricultural uses : See: Basic Terms, Agricultural Terms

    ul [ul] : grasp; possess, own : Proto-Hick *ʔulu → ul : (initial glottal loss, final vowel loss) : Note: Source of possessive suffix -ul through grammaticalization. Forms verb ul'er "to grasp, to own" : See: Basic Terms, Grammatical Terms

    Basic Properties

    kator [ka.tor] : massive, heavy : ka-tor "peak-like" → kator : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows metaphorical extension from height to mass/weight : See: Basic Properties, Landforms

    kali [ka.li] : light, small : ka-li "small-like" → kali : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows reanalysis of diminutive prefix as independent root : See: Basic Properties, Augmentative/Diminutive

    Derived Terms

    ven'er [ven.ʔer] : to carry : ven-'er "yoke-VERB" → ven'er : (verbalizer suffix)

    venitar [ve.ni.tar] : to lift : ven-itar "yoke-SUPER" → venitar : (superessive case) : Note: Lexicalized from superessive case of "yoke" : See: Verbal Terms

    venuiter [vi.nu.i.ter] : to give birth : venu-itar "pregnancy-ELL" → venuiter : (ellative case) : Note: Lexicalized from ellative case of "pregnancy" : See: Verbal Terms, Sacred Terms

    kabrast [ka.brast] : skilled with hands : ka-brast "like-dominant.arm" → kabrast : (compound fusion) : Note: Specifically for craft skills requiring hand coordination; does not extend to martial or athletic dexterity : See: Body Parts

    brastok [bras.tok] : craftsman : brast-ok "dominant.arm-AGENT" → brastok : (compound fusion) : Note: General term for skilled artisans. Shows cultural link between dominant hand and craft skills : See: Body Parts

    asamitar [a.sa.mi.tar] : to sit, rest upon : asam-itar "rest-SUPER" → asamitar : (case lexicalization) : Note: From asam "rest, resting place" with superessive case, literally "rest upon". Shows common pattern of case suffixes becoming lexicalized into verbs : See: Position/Stance Actions, Basic Terms

    litil [li.til] : small thing : li-etil "DIM-thing" → litil : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows productive use of diminutive prefix with basic noun : See: Basic Terms, Augmentative/Diminutive

    Conjunctions

    ru [ru] : and : Proto-Hick *storu → ru : Note: Grammaticalized from "grow" sense through semantic bleaching : See: Basic Terms

    Derived Terms

    takutak [ˈta.ku.tək] : rhythm : Proto-Hick *takutaku → takutak : (final vowel loss) : Note: Preserves onomatopoeic reduplication

    Interrogatives

    Basic Forms

    'aka [ʔa.ka] : what : Proto-Hick *haka → 'aka : (initial fricative change) : Note: Basic question root, shows archaic animacy marking

    Proximal Forms

    'alis [ʔa.lis] : who : 'aka-'al-is "who" (what-person-PROX.ANIM) : Note: Used for visible/known referents and confirmation

    'atal [ʔa.tal] : where : 'aka-tal-is "where" (what-place-PROX.INAN)

    'atel [ʔa.tel] : when : 'aka-tel-is "when" (what-time-PROX.INAN)

    'aker [ʔa.ker] : how : 'aka-'er-is "how" (what-VERB-PROX.INAN)

    Medial Forms

    'aleth [ʔa.leθ] : who : 'aka-'al-eth "who" (sensed person) : Note: Used for heard/sensed but not seen referents

    'ateth [ʔa.teθ] : where : 'aka-tal-eth "where" (sensed location)

    'ateleth [ʔe.te.leθ] : when : 'aka-tel-eth "when" (sensed time)

    'akereth [ʔa.ke.reθ] : how : 'aka-'er-eth "how" (sensed manner)

    Distal Forms

    'alum [ʔa.lum] : who : 'aka-'al-um "who" (unknown person) : Note: Default form for seeking new information

    'atum [ʔa.tum] : where : 'aka-tal-um "where" (unknown location)

    'atelum [ʔe.te.lum] : when : 'aka-tel-um "when" (unknown time)

    'akerum [ʔa.ke.rum] : how : 'aka-'er-um "how" (unknown manner)

    Abstract Concepts

    Moral & Ethical Terms

    thil [θil] : virtue, moral : Proto-Hick *halu → thil : (initial fricative change) : Note: Abstract sense developed from basic meaning : See: Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts

    thid [θid] : truth : Proto-Hick *hawadu "sacred way" → thid : (initial fricativization, medial glide loss) : Note: Shows semantic development from "sacred path" to abstract "truth"

    imurud [i.mu.rud] : falsehood : imur-wudu "evil-path" → imurud : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows semantic extension from physical to abstract meaning. See: Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts

    im'ir [im.ʔir] : ill intent, malice : im-'ir "evil-action" → im'ir : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows metaphorical extension of negative prefix with action root. See: Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts

    torthil [tor.θil] : arrogance, haughtiness : tor-thil "great-virtue" → torthil : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows ironic compound formation - excessive virtue becoming a flaw. Forms verb torthil'er "to be arrogant". See: Abstract Concepts, Emotional Terms

    Logical Terms

    'irek [ʔi.rek] : stand; firmness; truth : Proto-Hick *hi-reku → 'irek : (initial fricative change) : Note: Shows archaic animacy prefix. Semantic extension from physical firmness to abstract truth : See: Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts

    'it [ʔit] : knot (in wood); falsehood : Proto-Hick *xitu → 'it : (initial fricative loss, final vowel loss) : Note: Primary meaning refers to natural knots in wood/lumber. Abstract meaning "falsehood" derives from concept of deviation in wood grain : See: Construction Terms, Abstract Concepts

    Vision & Perception

    mulis [mu.lis] : dream, vision : Proto-Hick *muruhilisu → mulis : See: Bodily Functions, Sacred Terms

    mulisthral [mu.lis.θral] : prophetic dream : mulis-thral → mulisthral : (compound fusion, maintains second element due to sacred term)

    mulisim [mu.li.sim] : nightmare : mulis-im → mulisim : (compound fusion)

    Emotional Terms

    sibris [si.bris] : romantic love : Proto-Hick *hibrisu "fire" → sibris : (initial fricative change) : Note: Metaphorical extension from "fire" to "passion/love" : See: Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts

    dakisa [da.ki.sa] : infatuation : Proto-Hick *daluku-isa-hihasa → dakisa : (liquid deletion) : (compound reduction) : Note: Literally "snake in the gut"; metaphorical extension for intense desire : See: Body Parts, Sacred Terms

    Sensory Terms

    Visual Perception

    lis [lis] : eye : Proto-Hick *lisu → lis : (final vowel loss) : See: Body Parts, Sacred Terms

    his [his] : see : reintroduced Proto-Hick *hisu "visible/in sight" : Note: Reintroduced to maintain distinction from demonstrative -is : See: Sacred Terms

    'ilis [ʔi.lis] : knowledge : PH *lisu dialectal borrowing with animacy prefix : Note: Borrowed alongside hilis, shows stative/abstract development of perception root : Note: From root meaning 'sight', forms verb 'ilis'er "to know"

    mulis [mu.lis] : dream, vision : Proto-Hick *muruhilisu → mulis : (compound reduction) : See: Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts

    hisimris [hi.sim.ris] : show : his-imris "sight-ELL" → hisimris : (case lexicalization) : Note: Shows productive use of ellative case for causative meanings. Forms verb hisimris'er "to show". Contrasts with hilis'er "to look" : See: Perception Terms, Action Terms

    Auditory Perception

    kamer [ka.mer] : bird-like sound : ka-mer "like-bird" → kamer : compound fusion

    kasak [ka.sak] : wolf-like howl : ka-sak "like-wolf" → kasak : compound fusion

    pir [pir] : ear : Proto-Hick *piru → pir : (final vowel loss) : See: Body Parts

    pirlas [pir.las] : hearing : pir-las "ear-ILL" → pirlas : (case lexicalization) : Note: Shows productive use of illative case for reception of sound : See: Body Parts, Case System

    Olfactory Perception

    kar [kar] : nose : Proto-Hick *karu → kar : (final vowel loss) : See: Body Parts

    Physical Sensation

    tak [tak] : touch, contact : Proto-Hick *taku → tak : (final vowel loss) : Note: Basic term for physical contact : See: Basic Terms

    taklas [tak.las] : feel (reception) : tak-las "touch-ILL" → taklas : (case lexicalization) : Note: Shows productive use of illative case for reception of touch : See: Basic Terms, Case System

    takimris [ta.kim.ris] : touch (active) : tak-imris "touch-ELL" → takimris : (case lexicalization) : Note: Shows productive use of ellative case for active touching : See: Basic Terms, Case System

    Taste Perception

    bel [bel] : mouth : Proto-Hick *belu → bel : (final vowel loss) : See: Body Parts

    bellas [bel.las] : taste (reception) : bel-las "mouth-ILL" → bellas : (case lexicalization) : Note: Shows productive use of illative case for reception of taste : See: Body Parts, Case System

    belimris [be.lim.ris] : taste (active) : bel-imris "mouth-ELL" → belimris : (case lexicalization) : Note: Shows productive use of ellative case for active tasting : See: Body Parts, Case System

    Sound Terms

    tak [tak] : strike, impact; sound : Proto-Hick *taku → tak : (final vowel loss) : Note: Onomatopoeic origin : See: Physical Actions

    takutak [ˈta.ku.tək] : rhythm : Proto-Hick *takutaku → takutak : (final vowel loss) : Note: Preserves onomatopoeic reduplication : See: Derived Terms

    takimer [ˈta.ki.mɛr] : echo; sound spirit : taku "rhythm" + imer "spirit" → takimer : (compound fusion) : Note: Reflects early animistic understanding of sound phenomena : See: Spirit Terms

    Vision & Perception Terms

    Basic Terms

    lis [lis] : eye : Proto-Hick *lisu → lis : (final vowel loss) : See: Body Parts, Sacred Terms

    his [his] : sight : Proto-Hick *hi-lisu → his : liquid deletion : vowel coalescence) : See: Sacred Terms

    mulis [mu.lis] : dream, vision : Proto-Hick *muruhilisu → mulis : (compound reduction) : See: Sacred Terms

    Derived Terms

    his'er [his.ʔer] : to see : his-'er "sight-ACT" → his'er : (verbalizer)

    Taste Terms

    Basic Tastes

    mel [mel] : sweet : Proto-Hick *melu → mel : (final vowel loss) : Note: Associated with ripeness and edibility

    kras [kras] : bitter : Proto-Hick *krasu → kras : (final vowel loss) : Note: Used for both taste and metaphorical bitterness

    kaketh [ka.keθ] : salty : ka-keth "sea-like" → kaketh : (compound fusion) : Note: Literally "sea-like", shows maritime influence on taste terminology : See: Maritime Terms, Water Features

    tir [tir] : sour; wince : Proto-Hick *tilmuru → tilru → tiru → tir : (liquid deletion) : (compound reduction) : (final vowel loss) : Note: Shows semantic connection between taste sensation and facial response

    Derived Terms

    melter [mel.ter] : honey : mel-ter "sweet-flow" → melter : (compound fusion) : Note: Literally "sweet flow", primary sweetener in Early Hick culture

    krasim [kra.sim] : poison : kras-im "bitter-evil" → krasim : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows connection between bitter taste and danger

    kakethmal [ka.keθ.mal] : brine pool : kaketh-mal "salty-pool" → kakethmal : (compound fusion) : See: Water Features

    Intensity Terms

    tormel [tor.mel] : very sweet : tor-mel "great-sweet" → tormel : (compound fusion)

    limel [li.mel] : slightly sweet : li-mel "small-sweet" → limel : (compound fusion)

    Usage Examples

    mel'er [mel.ʔer] : to sweeten : mel-'er "sweet-VERB" → mel'er : (verbalizer suffix)

    kras'er [kras.ʔer] : to embitter : kras-'er "bitter-VERB" → kras'er : (verbalizer suffix)

    tir'er [tir.ʔer] : to wince; fermentation : tir-'er "sour/wince-VERB" → tir'er : (verbalizer suffix) : Note: Shows connection between taste sensation and involuntary response, as well as the process of fermentation : See: Taste Terms, Bodily Functions, Process Terms

    Food & Consumption Terms

    Basic Terms

    du [du] : meat : Proto-Hick *duha → du : (final vowel loss) : Note: Basic term for animal flesh as food. Forms compounds with other food terms : See: Body Parts for muscle/flesh meanings

    duwes [du.wes] : food, nourishment : Proto-Hick *duha-wesu → duwes : (compound fusion, vowel loss) : Note: From *duha-wesu "meat-cover", showing development: : 1. Compound: *duha-wesu "meat-cover" : 2. Fusion: *duhawesu > *duwesu : 3. Final: duwes with extended meaning "food" : Note: Forms verb duwes'er "to eat" : Examples: : - duwes'er "to eat" (with verbalizer -'er) : - duwesimris "from food, because of food" (with ellative case) : - kaduwes "edible" (with adjectival ka-)

    mil [mil] : tallow, animal fat : PH melu "liquid" : Note: Shows semantic narrowing from general liquid to specifically rendered animal fat used in food preparation and preservation : See: Body Parts

    Drink Terms

    tirai [ti.rai] : fermented drink : tir-ai "sour-water" → tirai : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows cultural knowledge of fermentation process : See: Taste Terms

    melterai [mel.te.rai] : mead : melter-ai "honey-water" → melterai : (compound fusion) : Note: Fermented honey drink : See: Food Terms

    Preparation Terms

    milai [mi.lai] : rendered fat, oil : mil-ai "fat-water" : Note: Shows parallel formation with tirai "fermented drink"

    kirmil [kir.mil] : chest/organ fat : kir-mil "chest-fat" : Note: Prized internal fat used in cooking and preservation

    palmil [pal.mil] : belly fat : pal-mil "belly-fat" : Note: Distinct type of fat used in specific food preparations

    sulmil [sul.mil] : liver fat : sul-mil "liver-fat" : Note: Highly valued fat deposit, often preserved for medicinal or ritual use

    Derived Compounds

    milai [mi.lai] : rendered fat, oil : mil-ai "fat-water" : Note: Shows parallel formation with tirai "fermented drink"

    terok [te.rok] : drinker; drunkard : ter-ok "flow-AGENT" → terok : (agentive suffix) : Note: One who drinks (professionally or habitually)

    duwesok [du.we.sok] : eater, consumer : duwes-ok "eat-AGENT" → duwesok : (agentive marking)

    torduwes [tor.du.wes] : feast, great eating : tor-duwes "great-eat" → torduwes : (compound fusion)

    duwester [du.wes.ter] : meal time : duwes-ter "eat-flow" → duwester : (compound fusion)

    duwesthral [du.wes.θral] : ritual feast : duwes-thral "eat-sacred" → duwesthral : (compound fusion)

    duwesimris [du.we.sim.ris] : feed : duwes-imris "food-ELL" → duwesimris : (case lexicalization) : Note: Derived from "duwes" (food) with the ellative case, indicating the act of providing food

    murduwes [mur.du.wes] : leftovers : mur-duwes "night-eat" → murduwes : (compound fusion) : Note: Refers to food set aside for fermentation or preservation, metaphorically described as "night-eat," reflecting the practice of using surplus for future consumption

    kaduwes [ka.du.wes] : edible : ka-duwes "like-food" → kaduwes : (similarity prefix) : Note: General term for anything that can be eaten. Shows productive use of ka- prefix for potential/capability

    tir'er [tir.ʔer] : to wince; fermentation : tir-'er "sour/wince-VERB" → tir'er : (verbalizer suffix) : Note: Shows connection between taste sensation and involuntary response, as well as the process of fermentation : See: Taste Terms, Bodily Functions, Process Terms

    Natural World

    Elements

    ai [ai] : water : Proto-Hick *ahi → ai : (vowel sequences) : See: Maritime Terms, Water Features

    gral [gral] : earth, soil : Proto-Hick *gralu → gral : (final vowel loss) : See: Landscape Terms

    kel [kel] : sky : Proto-Hick *kelu → kel : (final vowel loss) : See: Time Terms, Colors

    thir [θir] : air, wind : Proto-Hick *thiru → thir : (final vowel loss) : See: Colors

    al [al] : natural rock : Proto-Hick *xalu → halu → al : (initial fricative loss)

    gar [gar] : stone, hardness : Proto-Hick *garu → gar :(final vowel loss) : Note: Basic term for stone extends to abstract hardness. Forms gal "man" through metaphorical extension ("hard person"). : See: Landscape Terms, Person Terms

    gral [gral] : earth, soil : Proto-Hick *gralu → gral : (final vowel loss)

    bris [bris] : heat : Proto-Hick *brisu → bris : (final vowel loss) : Note: Basic term for heat/warmth : See: Elements

    brises [bri.ses] : light, illumination : Proto-Hick *brisu-wesu "heat-enclose" → brises : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows metaphorical extension of "embraced heat" to light/illumination. Forms verb brises'er "to shine" : See: Natural Terms, Sacred Terms

    dup [dup] : pearl; lump, mass : Proto-Hick *dupu "pearl" → dup : (final vowel loss) : Note: Shows semantic extension from "pearl" to general "rounded mass" : See: Body Terms, Medical Terms

    Derived Terms

    'ibris [ʔi.bris] : fire : Proto-Hick *hi-brisu → 'ibris : (animacy prefix) : Note: Shows archaic animacy marking through glottal prefix, reflecting cultural view of fire as animate force : See: Sacred Terms, Elements

    kagar [ka.gar] : hard : ka-gar "stone-like" → kagar : (compound fusion) : Note: From metaphorical extension of stone : See: Material Terms

    Water Features

    keth [keθ] : sea : Proto-Hick *keθu → keθ : (final vowel loss) : See: Maritime Terms

    mal [mal] : pool, standing water : Proto-Hick *malu → mal : (final vowel loss) : See: Maritime Terms

    ran [ran] : stream, flowing water : Proto-Hick *ranu → ran : (final vowel loss) : See: Maritime Terms

    bram [bram] : tide, tidal water : Proto-Hick *bramu → bram : (final vowel loss) : See: Maritime Terms, Time Terms

    bramal [bra.mal] : tidal pool : bram-mal "tide-pool" → bramal : (nasal deletion) : See: Maritime Terms

    toran [to.ran] : river, flowing water : Proto-Hick *ranu → ran : (final vowel loss)

    Landforms

    tor [tor] : height, peak : Proto-Hick *toru → tor : (final vowel loss) : See: Augmentative Prefix

    thrantor [θran.tor] : mountain range : thran-tor "thousand peaks" → thrantor : (compound fusion)

    val [val] : valley, water-cut lowland : Proto-Hick *valu → val : (final vowel loss)

    nagral [na.gral] : black earth : nal-gral "black-earth" → nagral : (liquid deletion)

    thragral [θra.gral] : sacred earth : thral-gral "sacred-earth" → thragral : (liquid deletion) : See: Garden Terms

    kirtor [kir.tor] : cliff face : kir-tor "chest-height" → kirtor : (compound fusion)

    dortor [dor.tor] : back slope : dor-tor "back-height" → dortor : (compound fusion)

    palmal [pal.mal] : deep pool : pal-mal "belly-pool" → palmal : (compound fusion)

    thalgral [θal.gral] : hillside : thal-gral "side-earth" → thalgral : (compound fusion)

    grasgral [gras.gral] : meadow, grassland : gras-gral "grass-earth" → grasgral : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows productive compound formation pattern of flora + landform : See: Flora & Agriculture, Agricultural Terms

    Precipitation

    aitar [ai.tar] : rain : ai-tar "water-fall" → aitar : (compound fusion)

    bramis [bra.mis] : sea mist, coastal fog : bram-mis "tide-mist" → bramis : (nasal deletion)

    miraitar [mi.rai.tar] : cold rain : mir-aitar "cold-rain" → miraitar : (compound fusion)

    Flora & Agriculture

    Basic Plant Terms

    ris [ris] : reed : Proto-Hick *risu → ris : (final vowel loss)

    wud [wud] : wood, tree : Proto-Hick *wudu → wud : (final vowel loss)

    gras [gras] : grass : Proto-Hick *grasu → gras : (final vowel loss)

    sed [sed] : seed : Proto-Hick *sedu → sed : (final vowel loss)

    sar [sar] : leaf : Proto-Hick *saru → sar : (final vowel loss) : Note: Also means "green" from leaf association

    bran [bran] : branch : Proto-Hick *bahu lu-haranu → bran : (compound fusion) : (liquid deletion) : Note: Preserved compound with ablative lu- marking

    wen [wen] : flower : Proto-Hick *venu -> wenu → wen : (final vowel loss)

    asa [a.sa] : vine : Proto-Hick *hasa → asa : (initial fricative loss) : See: Flora & Agriculture

    branlis [bran.lis] : tree berries; fruit : bran-lis "branch-child" → branlis : (compound fusion) : Note: Metaphorical extension of "child" to "berries" and "fruit," reflecting cultural view of trees as nurturing figures

    'irurlis [ʔi.rur.lis] : gourd; container : 'irur-lis "hollow-fruit" → 'irurlis : (compound fusion) : Note: Combines the concepts of hollowness and fruit, reflecting the physical characteristics of gourds

    saresp [sa.resp] : sprout : sar-esp "leaf-under" → saresp : (compound fusion) : Note: Metaphorical extension of hidden leaf beneath; reflects cultural view of growth as emergence from concealment. Forms verb saresp'er "to sprout" : See: Flora & Agriculture

    Cultivated Plants

    grased [ˈgra.sed] : grain : gras-sed "grass-seed" → grased : (compound fusion)

    malris [ˈmal.ris] : water reed : mal-ris "pool-reed" → malris : (compound fusion)

    ranris [ˈran.ris] : river reed : ran-ris "stream-reed" → ranris : (compound fusion)

    thirwud [ˈθir.wud] : white wood : thir-wud "white-wood" → thirwud : (compound fusion)

    marwud [mar.wud] : red wood : mar-wud "red-wood" → marwud : (compound fusion)

    Agricultural Terms

    sedgral [sed.gral] : field : sed-gral "seed-earth" → sedgral : (compound fusion)

    sedter [sed.ter] : planting time : sed-ter "seed-flow" → sedter : (compound fusion)

    granmal [gran.mal] : grain storage : gran-mal "grain-pool" → granmal : (compound fusion)

    sedok [se.dok] : planter, farmer : sed-ok "seed-AGENT" → sedok : (compound fusion)

    graswad [gras.wad] : pasture path : gras-wad "grass-path" → graswad : (compound fusion)

    'ibri ['ib.ri] : excrement, manure : Proto-Hick *'ibari → 'ibri : (vowel loss) : Note: Basic term for excrement. Forms compounds for agricultural uses. See: : Basic Terms, Agricultural Terms

    Garden Terms

    thragral [θra.gral] : garden : thral-gral "sacred-earth" → thragral : (liquid deletion) : See: Landforms : Note: The dual meaning reflects the sacred nature of cultivated land in Hick culture, where gardens were seen as sanctified spaces

    kelwud [kel.wud] : orchard : kel-wud "leaf-wood" → kelwud : (compound fusion)

    riswad [ris.wad] : garden path : ris-wad "reed-path" → riswad : (compound fusion)

    sedthral [sed.θral] : planting day : sed-thral "seed-sacred" → sedthral : (compound fusion)

    Horticulture Terms

    wudgral [wud.gral] : orchard : wud-thragral "wood-garden" → compound simplification → wudgral : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows connection between sacred garden and orchard

    Derived Terms

    kabran [ka.bran] : crooked, leaning : ka-bran "branch-like" → kabran : (compound fusion) : Note: From metaphorical extension of branch growth patterns. Forms common expression kabran 'irek'er "to lean" (lit. "stand crookedly"). :See: Position/Stance Actions

    Sacred & Ritual

    Basic Terms

    tharala [θa.ra.la] : deity : Proto-Hick *harala "deity" → tharala : (partial sound change) : Note: Religious term showing resistance to regular sound changes (only ha- → tha-). Preserved in formal/sacred register. : See: Sacred Terms, Religious Terms

    thral [θral] : day; sacred, ritual : Proto-Hick *harala → thral : (final vowel loss) : Note: Resists vowel reduction in compounds See: Time Terms

    thren [θren] : watch, observe (ritual) : Proto-Hick *threnu → thren : (final vowel loss) : Note: Maintains [e] in unstressed positions

    wad [wad] : path, way : Proto-Hick *wadu → wad : (final vowel loss) : See: Maritime Terms

    ward [ward] : direct, guide : Proto-Hick *wardu → ward : (final vowel loss) : See: Maritime Terms

    thimer [θi.mer] : spiritual nurturing : Proto-Hick *ha-meru → thimer : (vowel reduction, stress shift) : See: Bird Terms, Kinship Terms : Note: Preserves original nurturing sense in sacred context

    mer [mer] : bird; parent : Proto-Hick *meru "nurture, bird" → mer : (final vowel loss) : Note: Dual meaning reflects cultural connection between birds and parenting : See: Bird Terms, Kinship Terms

    imthral [im.θral] : evil deity : im-thral "evil-sacred" → imthral : (compound fusion, maintains second element due to sacred term) : See: Sacred Terms

    imurthral [i.mur.θral] : cursed day/time : imur-thral "evil.force-sacred" → imurthral : (compound fusion, maintains second element due to sacred term) : See: Time Terms

    mulis [mu.lis] : dream, vision : Proto-Hick *muruhilisu → mulis : (compound reduction, final vowel loss) : See: Sacred Terms

    Time & Light

    mur [mur] : night, darkness : Proto-Hick *muru → mur : (final vowel loss) : See: Bird Terms

    thur [θur] : dusk : Proto-Hick *thuru → thur : (final vowel loss)

    bran [bran] : dawn : Proto-Hick *branu → bran : (final vowel loss)

    thrakel [θra.kel] : sun : thral-kel "sacred-sky" → thrakel : (liquid deletion)

    murkel [mur.kel] : night sky : mur-kel "night-sky" → murkel : (compound fusion)

    thurkel [θur.kel] : evening sky : thur-kel "dusk-sky" → thurkel : (compound fusion)

    brakel [bra.kel] : morning sky : bran-kel "dawn-sky" → brakel : (nasal deletion)

    Derived Terms

    kathrakel [ka.θra.kel] : radiant, beautiful; color : ka-thrakel "sun-like" → kathrakel : (compound fusion) : Note: From metaphorical extension of thrakel "sun". Shows cultural association between beauty and radiance. : See: Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts

    Material Culture

    Metals

    ger [ger] : metal : Early Hick kurger "moss-stone" < Proto-Hick *kuru-garu : (compound reduction) : Note: Generalized from copper compound after kur specialized. Shows semantic shift from natural observation (green patina on stones) to material category

    kur [kur] : copper : Early Hick kurger "moss-stone" < Proto-Hick *kuru-garu : (compound reduction) : Note: Specialized from first element of copper compound. Original meaning "moss" preserved in inland dialects

    ir [ir] : iron : Proto-Hick *xiru "mined ore" → ir : (initial fricative loss, final vowel loss) : Note: Basic term for iron, shows early mining culture

    tin [tin] : tin : Proto-Hick *tinu → tin : (final vowel loss)

    kurtin [kur.tin] : bronze : kur-tin "copper-tin" → kurtin : (compound fusion)

    mar [mar] : rust, red metal : Proto-Hick *maru → mar : (final vowel loss) : See: Colors

    grakur [gra.kur] : grey copper : gra-kur "grey-copper" → grakur : (compound fusion)

    'ihir [ʔi.hir] : to mine (for ore) : Proto-Hick *heru lu xiru → 'ihir : (compound fusion) : Note: Literally "move through ore", shows development of specialized mining terminology

    brismal [bris.mal] : forge : bris-mal "heat-pool" → brismal : (compound fusion) : Note: Native term for forge. See: Tool Terms

    tamin [ta.min] : forge, smithy : Quenya tamin "forge" → tamin : (borrowed term) : Note: Direct borrowing of Eldrim technical term. : See: Tool Terms

    Maritime Terms

    mater [ma.ter] : vessel, boat : Proto-Hick *mataru-heru → mater : (compound fusion) : Note: From "vehicle-action", specialized for water transport. Unrelated to tre/matre despite similar form. See: Maritime Terms

    materok [ma.te.rok] : vessel-guide, boatman : mater-ok "vessel-AGENT" → materok : (compound fusion) : See: Agentive Suffix

    rismater [ris.ma.ter] : reed-vessel : ris-mater "reed-vessel" → rismater : (compound fusion)

    wudmater [wud.ma.ter] : wood-vessel : wud-mater "wood-vessel" → wudmater : (compound fusion)

    brammater [bram.ma.ter] : river-vessel : bram-mater "tide-vessel" → brammater : (compound fusion)

    kethmater [keθ.ma.ter] : sea-vessel : keth-mater "sea-vessel" → kethmater : (compound fusion)

    Example: materok-el rismater-im-ris keth-es ward-ter boatman-ERG reed.vessel-PROX-ELL sea-ABS direct-to "The boatman takes the reed boat to sea"

    Cultural Terms

    'iruretil [ʔi.ru.re.til] : gift : 'irur-etil "hollow-thing" → 'iruretil : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows cultural link between containers and proper gifts. Always inanimate. : See: Material Culture

    Flora & Fauna

    Basic Terms

    ris [ris] : reed : Proto-Hick *risu → ris : (final vowel loss)

    wud [wud] : wood, tree : Proto-Hick *wudu → wud : (final vowel loss)

    gras [gras] : grass : Proto-Hick *grasu → gras : (final vowel loss)

    sed [sed] : seed : Proto-Hick *sedu → sed : (final vowel loss)

    kel [kel] : leaf : Proto-Hick *kelu → kel : (final vowel loss)

    bran [bran] : branch : Proto-Hick *bahu lu-haranu → bran : (lit. "split from father") : (compound fusion) : (liquid deletion) : Note: Preserved compound with ablative lu- marking

    asa [a.sa] : vine : Proto-Hick *hasa → asa : (initial fricative loss) : See: Flora & Agriculture

    branlis [bran.lis] : tree berries; fruit : bran-lis "branch-child" → branlis : (compound fusion) : Note: Metaphorical extension of "child" to "berries" and "fruit," reflecting cultural view of trees as nurturing figures

    'irurlis [ʔi.rur.lis] : gourd; container : 'irur-lis "hollow-fruit" → 'irurlis : (compound fusion) : Note: Combines the concepts of hollowness and fruit, reflecting the physical characteristics of gourds

    saresp [sa.resp] : sprout : sar-esp "leaf-under" → saresp : (compound fusion) : Note: Metaphorical extension of hidden leaf beneath; reflects cultural view of growth as emergence from concealment. Forms verb saresp'er "to sprout" : See: Flora & Agriculture

    Cultivated Plants

    grased [ˈgra.sed] : grain : gras-sed "grass-seed" → grased : (compound fusion)

    malris [ˈmal.ris] : water reed : mal-ris "pool-reed" → malris : (compound fusion)

    ranris [ˈran.ris] : river reed : ran-ris "stream-reed" → ranris : (compound fusion)

    thirwud [ˈθir.wud] : white wood : thir-wud "white-wood" → thirwud : (compound fusion)

    marwud [mar.wud] : red wood : mar-wud "red-wood" → marwud : (compound fusion)

    Agricultural Terms

    sedgral [sed.gral] : field : sed-gral "seed-earth" → sedgral : (compound fusion)

    sedter [sed.ter] : planting time : sed-ter "seed-flow" → sedter : (compound fusion)

    granmal [gran.mal] : grain storage : gran-mal "grain-pool" → granmal : (compound fusion)

    sedok [se.dok] : planter, farmer : sed-ok "seed-AGENT" → sedok : (compound fusion)

    graswad [gras.wad] : pasture path : gras-wad "grass-path" → graswad : (compound fusion)

    'ibri ['ib.ri] : excrement, manure : Proto-Hick *'ibari → 'ibri : (vowel loss) : Note: Basic term for excrement. Forms compounds for agricultural uses. See: : Basic Terms, Agricultural Terms

    Garden Terms

    thragral [θra.gral] : garden : thral-gral "sacred-earth" → thragral : (liquid deletion) : See: Landforms : Note: The dual meaning reflects the sacred nature of cultivated land in Hick culture, where gardens were seen as sanctified spaces

    kelwud [kel.wud] : orchard : kel-wud "leaf-wood" → kelwud : (compound fusion)

    riswad [ris.wad] : garden path : ris-wad "reed-path" → riswad : (compound fusion)

    sedthral [sed.θral] : planting day : sed-thral "seed-sacred" → sedthral : (compound fusion)

    Horticulture Terms

    wudgral [wud.gral] : orchard : wud-thragral "wood-garden" → compound simplification → wudgral : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows connection between sacred garden and orchard

    Animal Terms

    Animals

    nes [nes] : fish : Proto-Hick *nesu → nes : (final vowel loss) : See: Maritime Terms

    mer [mer] : bird : Proto-Hick *meru → mer : (final vowel loss) : Note: Cultural connection between birds and parenting roles : See: Sacred Terms, Kinship Terms

    pel [pel] : bear : Proto-Hick *pelu → pel : (final vowel loss) : Note: Maintains [e] in compounds

    sak [sak] : wolf : Proto-Hick *saku → sak : (final vowel loss)

    ren [ren] : deer : Proto-Hick *renu → ren : (final vowel loss)

    toren [to.ren] : horse : tor-ren "great-deer" → toren : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows semantic extension through size metaphor : See: Animal Terms

    belnes [bel.nes] : mouthed fish : bel-nes "mouth-fish" → belnes : (compound fusion)

    kranren [kran.ren] : horned deer : kran-ren "horn-deer" → kranren : (compound fusion)

    venmer [ven.mer] : wing bird : ven-mer "wing-bird" → venmer : (compound fusion)

    silpel [sil.pel] : hide bear : sil-pel "hide-bear" → silpel : (compound fusion)

    thirpel [θir.pel] : fur-bear : thir-pel "fur-bear" → thirpel : (compound fusion)

    lisbel [lis.bel] : face : lis-bel "eye-mouth" → lisbel : (compound fusion)

    thirren [θir.ren] : winter coat deer : thir-ren "fur-deer" → thirren : (compound fusion)

    kirpel [kir.pel] : rearing bear : kir-pel "chest-bear" → kirpel : (compound fusion)

    dorren [dor.ren] : pack deer : dor-ren "back-deer" → dorren : (compound fusion)

    tornes ['tor.nes] : whale : tor-nes "great-fish" → tornes : (compound fusion, stress shift) : Note: Resists reduction due to sacred associations

    tomur ['to.mur] : great owl : tor-mur-mer → tomur : (compound simplification) : Note: Shows liquid deletion and vowel reduction

    ketnes [ket.nes] : sea fish : keth-nes "sea-fish" → ketnes : (compound fusion)

    ranes [ra.nes] : river fish : ran-nes "stream-fish" → ranes : (compound fusion)

    malnes [mal.nes] : pool fish : mal-nes "pool-fish" → malnes : (compound fusion)

    kor [kor] : cow : Old Iutlandish kor : Note: Early borrowing showing cultural contact with Iutlandish herders : See: Animal Terms

    sumerok [su.me.rok] : goat : gras-'imer-ok "grass-life-AGENT" → sumerok : (compound simplification) : Note: Shows compound reduction and metaphorical extension through agentive marking : See: Animal Terms, Consumption Terms

    dak [dak] : snake : Proto-Hick *daluku → dak : (medial liquid loss, vowel reduction) : Note: From root meaning "slither", forms verb dak'er "to slither"

    torba [tor.ba] : goat : tor-ba "mountain-father" → torba : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows metaphorical extension linking goats to mountains and paternal authority : See: Landforms, Kinship Terms, Pastoral Terms

    Bird Terms (Nocturnal)

    murmer [mur.mer] : night-bird, owl : Proto-Hick *muru-meru "night-bird" → mur-mer : (vowel loss in compounds)

    tomur [to.mur] : great owl, eagle owl : Proto-Hick *toru-muru-meru "great-night-bird" → tor-mur-mer : (vowel loss in compounds) : → tor-mur : (compound simplification) : → tomur : (liquid deletion)

    thurmur [θur.mur] : dusk owl : Proto-Hick *thuru-muru-meru "dusk-night-bird" → thur-mur-mer : (vowel loss in compounds) : → thurmur : (compound simplification)

    limur [li.mur] : small night-bird, small owl : Proto-Hick *li-muru-meru "small-night-bird" → li-mur-mer : (vowel loss in compounds) : → limur : (compound simplification)

    murlis [mur.lis] : night-eye : mur-lis "night-eye" → murlis : (compound fusion)

    murkran [mur.kran] : night-horn : mur-kran "night-horn" → murkran : (compound fusion)

    Derived Terms

    kabran [ka.bran] : crooked, leaning : ka-bran "branch-like" → kabran : (compound fusion) : Note: From metaphorical extension of branch growth patterns. Forms common expression kabran 'irek'er "to lean" (lit. "stand crookedly"). :See: Position/Stance Actions

    Sacred & Ritual

    Basic Terms

    tharala [θa.ra.la] : deity : Proto-Hick *harala "deity" → tharala : (partial sound change) : Note: Religious term showing resistance to regular sound changes (only ha- → tha-). Preserved in formal/sacred register. : See: Sacred Terms, Religious Terms

    thral [θral] : day; sacred, ritual : Proto-Hick *harala → thral : (final vowel loss) : Note: Resists vowel reduction in compounds See: Time Terms

    thren [θren] : watch, observe (ritual) : Proto-Hick *threnu → thren : (final vowel loss) : Note: Maintains [e] in unstressed positions

    wad [wad] : path, way : Proto-Hick *wadu → wad : (final vowel loss) : See: Maritime Terms

    ward [ward] : direct, guide : Proto-Hick *wardu → ward : (final vowel loss) : See: Maritime Terms

    thimer [θi.mer] : spiritual nurturing : Proto-Hick *ha-meru → thimer : (vowel reduction, stress shift) : See: Bird Terms, Kinship Terms : Note: Preserves original nurturing sense in sacred context

    mer [mer] : bird; parent : Proto-Hick *meru "nurture, bird" → mer : (final vowel loss) : Note: Dual meaning reflects cultural connection between birds and parenting : See: Bird Terms, Kinship Terms

    imthral [im.θral] : evil deity : im-thral "evil-sacred" → imthral : (compound fusion, maintains second element due to sacred term) : See: Sacred Terms

    imurthral [i.mur.θral] : cursed day/time : imur-thral "evil.force-sacred" → imurthral : (compound fusion, maintains second element due to sacred term) : See: Time Terms

    mulis [mu.lis] : dream, vision : Proto-Hick *muruhilisu → mulis : (compound reduction, final vowel loss) : See: Sacred Terms

    Time & Light

    mur [mur] : night, darkness : Proto-Hick *muru → mur : (final vowel loss) : See: Bird Terms

    thur [θur] : dusk : Proto-Hick *thuru → thur : (final vowel loss)

    bran [bran] : dawn : Proto-Hick *branu → bran : (final vowel loss)

    thrakel [θra.kel] : sun : thral-kel "sacred-sky" → thrakel : (liquid deletion)

    murkel [mur.kel] : night sky : mur-kel "night-sky" → murkel : (compound fusion)

    thurkel [θur.kel] : evening sky : thur-kel "dusk-sky" → thurkel : (compound fusion)

    brakel [bra.kel] : morning sky : bran-kel "dawn-sky" → brakel : (nasal deletion)

    Derived Terms

    kathrakel [ka.θra.kel] : radiant, beautiful; color : ka-thrakel "sun-like" → kathrakel : (compound fusion) : Note: From metaphorical extension of thrakel "sun". Shows cultural association between beauty and radiance. : See: Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts

    Material Culture

    Metals

    ger [ger] : metal : Early Hick kurger "moss-stone" < Proto-Hick *kuru-garu : (compound reduction) : Note: Generalized from copper compound after kur specialized. Shows semantic shift from natural observation (green patina on stones) to material category

    kur [kur] : copper : Early Hick kurger "moss-stone" < Proto-Hick *kuru-garu : (compound reduction) : Note: Specialized from first element of copper compound. Original meaning "moss" preserved in inland dialects

    ir [ir] : iron : Proto-Hick *xiru "mined ore" → ir : (initial fricative loss, final vowel loss) : Note: Basic term for iron, shows early mining culture

    tin [tin] : tin : Proto-Hick *tinu → tin : (final vowel loss)

    kurtin [kur.tin] : bronze : kur-tin "copper-tin" → kurtin : (compound fusion)

    mar [mar] : rust, red metal : Proto-Hick *maru → mar : (final vowel loss) : See: Colors

    grakur [gra.kur] : grey copper : gra-kur "grey-copper" → grakur : (compound fusion)

    'ihir [ʔi.hir] : to mine (for ore) : Proto-Hick *heru lu xiru → 'ihir : (compound fusion) : Note: Literally "move through ore", shows development of specialized mining terminology

    brismal [bris.mal] : forge : bris-mal "heat-pool" → brismal : (compound fusion) : Note: Native term for forge. See: Tool Terms

    tamin [ta.min] : forge, smithy : Quenya tamin "forge" → tamin : (borrowed term) : Note: Direct borrowing of Eldrim technical term. : See: Tool Terms

    Maritime Terms

    mater [ma.ter] : vessel, boat : Proto-Hick *mataru-heru → mater : (compound fusion) : Note: From "vehicle-action", specialized for water transport. Unrelated to tre/matre despite similar form. See: Maritime Terms

    materok [ma.te.rok] : vessel-guide, boatman : mater-ok "vessel-AGENT" → materok : (compound fusion) : See: Agentive Suffix

    rismater [ris.ma.ter] : reed-vessel : ris-mater "reed-vessel" → rismater : (compound fusion)

    wudmater [wud.ma.ter] : wood-vessel : wud-mater "wood-vessel" → wudmater : (compound fusion)

    brammater [bram.ma.ter] : river-vessel : bram-mater "tide-vessel" → brammater : (compound fusion)

    kethmater [keθ.ma.ter] : sea-vessel : keth-mater "sea-vessel" → kethmater : (compound fusion)

    Example: materok-el rismater-im-ris keth-es ward-ter boatman-ERG reed.vessel-PROX-ELL sea-ABS direct-to "The boatman takes the reed boat to sea"

    Cultural Terms

    'iruretil [ʔi.ru.re.til] : gift : 'irur-etil "hollow-thing" → 'iruretil : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows cultural link between containers and proper gifts. Always inanimate. : See: Material Culture

    Equestrian Terms

    • rok [rok] "horse" < Sindarin roch → rok (borrowed term) Note: Shows elvish introduction of horses See: Animal Terms
    • norath [no.raθ] "to ride (a mount)" < Eldrim nortʰa "to make run" → norath (borrowed term) Note: Early borrowing from Eldrim, shows cultural contact predating widespread horse domestication. See: Animal Terms, Motion Actions

    Colors

    With context, the word itself would be enough to mean the color, however to disambiguate from other meanings, the Similarity Prefix ka- is used.

    Some color terms do not have other semantic categories, for example 'gra' lost other meanings by Early Hick, this ka- is unnecessary.

    gra [gra] : grey : Proto-Hick *grau → gra : (vowel sequences) : See: Metals

    mar [mar] : red : Proto-Hick *maru → mar : (final vowel loss) : See: Metals

    kel [kel] : blue : Proto-Hick *kelu → kel : (final vowel loss) : Same as "sky" : See: Elements

    thir [θir] : white : Proto-Hick *thiru → thir : (final vowel loss) : Same as "air" : See: Elements

    nal [nal] : black : Proto-Hick *nalu → nal : (final vowel loss)

    sar [sar] : leaf : Proto-Hick *saru → sar : (final vowel loss) : Note: Also means "green" from leaf association

    Magical Terms

    Basic Terms

    kul [kul] : magic, sorcery : Proto-Hick *kulu → kul : (final vowel loss) : See: Sacred Terms

    Derived Terms

    kulok [ku.lok] : sorcerer : kul-ok "magic-AGENT" → kulok : (compound fusion)

    malthrenok [mal.θre.nok] : pool-watcher, diviner : mal-thren-ok "pool-watch-AGENT" → malthrenok : (compound fusion) : Note: One who divines through watching pools/water : See: Water Features, Sacred Terms

    imurkulok [i.mur.ku.lok] : necromancer : imur-kul-ok "evil-magic-AGENT" → imurkulok : (compound fusion) : Note: Literally "evil magic worker" : See: Sacred Terms, Magical Terms

    Time & Celestial

    Basic Terms

    thral [θral] : sacred, ritual; day : Proto-Hick *thralu → thral : (final vowel loss) : See: Sacred Terms

    ter [ter] : flow, time : Proto-Hick *teru → ter : (final vowel loss)

    mur [mur] : night, darkness : Proto-Hick *muru → mur : (final vowel loss) : See: Bird Terms

    thur [θur] : dusk : Proto-Hick *thuru → thur : (final vowel loss)

    bran [bran] : dawn : Proto-Hick *branu → bran : (final vowel loss)

    takuter [ta.ku.ter] : harmony, attunement : 3-ter "rhythm-flow" → takuter : (compound simplification) : Note: Shows reduction of reduplicated base through compound simplification : See: Basic Terms, Sacred Terms

    'atelbran [ʔa.tel.bran] : before (when-dawn) : 'aka-tel-bran → 'akatelbran → 'atelbran : (compound reduction) : Note: Shows temporal metaphor of dawn/past, derived from interrogative : See: Time Terms, Interrogatives

    Celestial Bodies

    thrakel [θra.kel] : sun : thral-kel "sacred-sky" → thrakel : (liquid deletion)

    murkel [mur.kel] : night sky : mur-kel "night-sky" → murkel : (compound fusion)

    thurkel [θur.kel] : evening sky : thur-kel "dusk-sky" → thurkel : (compound fusion)

    brakel [bra.kel] : morning sky : bran-kel "dawn-sky" → brakel : (nasal deletion)

    lithar [li.θar] : star : li-tharala "DIM-deity" → lithar : (compound simplification) : Note: Shows loss of -ala in compound. Stars conceptualized as lesser deities : See: Celestial Terms, Sacred Terms, Diminutive Formation

    Body Parts

    Basic Terms

    bel [bel] : mouth, opening : Proto-Hick *belu → bel : (final vowel loss) : See: Maritime Terms, Architecture

    kan [kan] : head : Proto-Hick *kanu → kan : (final vowel loss) : See: Sacred Terms

    tel [tel] : tail, end : Proto-Hick *telu → tel : (final vowel loss) : See: Landscape Terms

    gar [gar] : bone : Proto-Hick *garu → gar : (final vowel loss) : See: Landscape Terms, Sacred Terms

    sil [sil] : skin, hide : Proto-Hick *silu → sil : (final vowel loss)

    ven [ven] : wing, fin : Proto-Hick *venu → ven : (final vowel loss) : See: Maritime Terms, Bird Terms

    kran [kran] : horn, spike : Proto-Hick *kranu → kran : (final vowel loss) : See: Landscape Terms

    mar [mar] : blood, life-fluid : Proto-Hick *maru → mar : (final vowel loss) : See: Colors, Sacred Terms

    ter [ter] : flow, fluid : Proto-Hick *teru → ter : (final vowel loss) : See: Water Features, Maritime Terms

    kost [kost] : foot : Proto-Hick *kostu → kost : (final vowel loss) : See: Movement Terms

    tag [tag] : hand : Proto-Hick *tagu → tag : (final vowel loss) : Note: Forms verb tag'er "to make". See: Basic Actions

    mes [mes] : heart : Proto-Hick *melisu → mes : (final vowel loss) : Note: Core term for emotional center, used in compounds for feelings See: Body Parts, Sacred Terms

    dak [dak] : stomach, gut : Proto-Hick *daluku → dak : (final vowel loss) : (liquid deletion) : See: Food & Consumption Terms

    bedek [be.dek] : tongue : be-dak → bedek : (vowel harmony) : Note: Literally "mouth-snake", metaphorical compound

    pir [pir] : ear : Proto-Hick *piru → pir : (final vowel loss) : Examples:

    • pir'er [ˈpir.ʔer] "to listen" < pir-'er "ear-VERB"
    • pirthral [ˈpir.θral] "ritual hearing" < pir-thral "ear-sacred" Note: Forms compounds relating to hearing and ritual attention

    kar [kar] : nose : Proto-Hick *karu → kar : (final vowel loss) : Note: Forms verb kar'er "to smell"

    krak [krak] : tooth : Proto-Hick *kraku → krak : (final vowel loss) : Note: Forms verb krak'er "to bite". See also: Initial Clusters

    kun [kun] : knee : Proto-Hick *kunu → kun : (final vowel loss) : Note: Used in compounds for joint terms

    sul [sul] : liver : Proto-Hick *sulu → sul : (final vowel loss)

    kol [kol] : neck : Proto-Hick *kolu → kol : (final vowel loss)

    ret [ret] : arm : Proto-Hick *retu → ret : (final vowel loss) : See: Body Parts

    trask [trask] : leg : Proto-Hick *tarasaku → trask : (syncope, final vowel loss) : See: Body Parts

    wak [wak] : breast : Proto-Hick *waka → wak : (final vowel loss) : See: Body Parts

    wak'eth [wak.ʔeθ] : breastfeeding : waka-ethe "breast-ABL" → wak'eth : (compound formation, glottal stop insertion) : Note: Nominal form reanalyzed from ablative case See: Body Parts, Basic Actions

    wakat [wa.kat] : nipple : waka-xitu "breast-knot" → wakat : (compound formation, unstressed vowel reduction) : See: Body Parts

    wak'ai [wak.ʔai] : milk : waka-ahi "breast-water" → wak'ai : (compound formation, vowel coalescence) : See: Body Parts, Food & Drink

    kanmil [kan.mil] : brain : kan-mil "head-fat" Note: Reflects early anatomical understanding of brain tissue as a fatty substance See: Food & Consumption Terms

    sat [sat] : appendage; penis : Proto-Hick *satu → sat : (final vowel loss) : Note: Basic term for appendages, with anatomical extension. Forms compounds for specific body parts. See: Body Parts

    Face Terms

    lis [lis] : eye : Proto-Hick *lisu → lis : (final vowel loss) : See: Sacred Terms, Bird Terms

    thir [θir] : hair, fur : Proto-Hick *thiru → thir : (final vowel loss) : See: Colors, Animal Terms

    sim [sim] : fine hair, lash : Proto-Hick *simu → sim : (final vowel loss) : See: Plant Terms

    bran [bran] : brow, ridge : Proto-Hick *branu → bran : (final vowel loss)

    Trunk Terms

    kir [kir] : chest, front : Proto-Hick *esgiru → kir : (final vowel loss) : See: Sacred Terms, Person Terms

    dor [dor] : back, behind : Proto-Hick *doru → dor : (final vowel loss) : See: Landscape Terms, Maritime Terms

    pal [pal] : belly, center : Proto-Hick *palu → pal : (final vowel loss) : See: Sacred Terms, Landscape Terms

    thal [θal] : side, flank : Proto-Hick *thalu → thal : (final vowel loss) : See: Landscape Terms

    vinusam [vi.nu.sam] : shoulder : PH *vinu xasamu "yoke rest" Note: Names shoulder for its function as resting place for burdens See: Body Parts

    dorgar [dor.gər] : spine : dor-gar "back-bone" Note: Transparent descriptive compound See: Body Parts

    kir'irur [kir.ʔi.rur] : ribcage : kir-'irur "chest-container" Note: Conceptualizes ribcage as a container/basket, parallel to 'irurlis "gourd/container" See: Food & Consumption Terms for 'irurlis

    kirgar [kir.gər] : rib : kir-gar "chest-bone" Note: Single bone of the ribcage; plural makirgar for full set of ribs See: Body Parts, kir'irur "ribcage"

    brast [brast] : dominant arm : Proto-Hick *bara-satu "prominent-appendage" → brast (compound fusion) Note: Specifically refers to dominant arm, contrasting with ret "arm (general)". Forms verb brast'er "to reach". Cultural link to tak "right (direction)". See: Body Parts

    Internal

    mar [mar] : blood, life-fluid : Proto-Hick *maru → mar : (final vowel loss) : See: Colors, Sacred Terms, Metals

    ter [ter] : flow, fluid : Proto-Hick *teru → ter : (final vowel loss) : See: Water Features, Maritime Terms

    mel [mel] : tallow, animal fat : PH melu "liquid" Note: Shows semantic narrowing from general liquid to specifically animal fat See: Body Parts

    kirmel [kir.mel] : chest/organ fat : kir-mel "chest-fat" Note: Distinguishes valuable internal fat deposits from other types

    du [du] : meat : Proto-Hick *duha → du : (final vowel loss) : Note: Basic term for animal flesh as food. Forms compounds with other food terms See: Body Parts for muscle/flesh meanings

    vinlas [vin.las] : fetus, unborn child : vin-las "pregnancy-ILL" → vinlas : (case lexicalization) : Note: Shows lexicalization of illative case marking location within. See: Person Terms, Body Terms

    Derived Terms

    kawak [ka.wak] : soft : ka-wak "breast-like" → kawak : (compound fusion) : Note: From metaphorical extension of wak "breast". Shows cultural association between softness and nurturing. Forms natural contrast with kagar "hard". See: Body Parts, Abstract Concepts

    Bodily Functions & States

    Basic Terms

    duwes [du.wes] : eat, consume : Proto-Hick *duha-wesu → duwes : (compound fusion) : See: Directional System

    mulis [mu.lis] : dream, vision : Proto-Hick *muruhilisu → mulis : (compound reduction) : See: Sacred Terms, Abstract Concepts

    hilis [hi.lis] : sight : Proto-Hick *hi-lisu → hilis : (animacy prefix) See: Body Parts

    vin [vin] : pregnancy : Proto-Hick *venu "yoke" → vinu : (compound reduction) : Inland dialects use vinused < *venu-sedu "burden-seed" See: Body Parts, Sacred Terms Note: From "burden-seed"; shows vowel harmony in compound reduction See: Body Parts, Sacred Terms

    imeresp [i.me.resp] : sleep : Proto-Hick *imer-esp → imeresp : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows metaphorical extension of breath/spirit sinking to indicate sleep See: Spirit Terms, Body Parts

    Derived Terms

    vinuimris [vi.nu.im.ris] : to give birth : Proto-Hick *vinu-imris → vinuimris : (ellative case) : Note: Lexicalized from ellative case of "pregnancy" See: Verbal Terms, Sacred Terms

    murvinuiter [mur.vi.nu.i.ter] : abortion : murvinu-imris "stillbirth-ELL" → murvinuiter : (ellative case) Note: Uses ellative case to indicate "from/out of stillbirth" See: Body Parts, Sacred Terms

    pakupak [ˈpa.ku.pək] : tickle : Proto-Hick *pakupaku → pakupak : (final vowel loss) : Note: Preserves onomatopoeic reduplication, shows unstressed vowel reduction See: Basic Terms

    gralimris [gra.lim.ris] : excrement : gral-imris "soil-ELL" → gralimris : (case lexicalization) : Note: Formal/medical term derived from ellative case of "soil". See: Medical Terms, Body Terms

    murvinu [mur.vi.nu] : stillbirth : mur-vinu "night-pregnancy" → murvinu : (compound fusion) : Note: Uses mur- "darkness" metaphorically for death See: Body Parts, Sacred Terms

    mulislas [mu.lis.las] : dream-state : mulis-las → mulislas : (directional suffix)

    mulisimris [mu.li.sim.ris] : awakening : mulis-imris → mulisimris : (directional suffix)

    sinibel [si.ni.bel] : taste : sin-ibel "float-tongue" → sinibel : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows metaphorical extension of floating motion to sensory perception See: Taste Terms, Body Parts

    gralimris [gra.lim.ris] : excrement : gral-imris "soil-ELL" → gralimris : (case lexicalization) : Note: Formal/medical term derived from ellative case of "soil". See: Medical Terms, Body Terms

    Speech Terms

    Basic Terms

    imbel [im.bel] : bad language, swear words : Proto-Hick *im-bel → imbel : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows metaphorical extension of "evil tongue" to refer to taboo speech. See: Body Parts, Speech Terms

    Taboo Terms

    saw [saw] : shit : Eldrim saw "filth, putrescence" → saw : (borrowed term) : Note: Strong vulgar term, borrowed from Eldrim term of extreme disgust. Shows cultural intensification of borrowed insult. See: Taboo Terms

    Medical Terms

    Illness Terms

    imbris [im.bris] : fever, harmful heat : Proto-Hick *im-bris → imbris : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows productive use of im- prefix for negative conditions. See: Medical Terms, Body States, Illness Terms

    arsil [ar.sil] : open wound, cut : Proto-Hick *ar-sil → arsil : (compound fusion) : Note: Basic term for visible wounds. Forms verb arsil'er "to wound". See: Medical Terms, Body Terms

    dup [dup] : pearl; lump, mass : Proto-Hick *dupu "pearl" → dup : (final vowel loss) : Note: Shows semantic extension from "pearl" to general "rounded mass". See: Body Terms, Medical Terms

    Injury Terms

    dudup [du.dup] : swollen muscle : Proto-Hick *du-dup → dudup : (compound fusion) : Note: Specific term for muscular swelling. See: Body Terms

    kandup [kan.dup] : head lump, bump on head : Proto-Hick *kan-dup → kandup : (compound fusion) : Note: Specific term for cranial swelling. See: Medical Terms

    Architecture

    Basic Terms

    iskel [is.kel] : window : Proto-Hick *is-kel → iskel : (compound fusion)

    iskelai [is.ke.lai] : window condensation : Proto-Hick *is-kel-ai → iskelai : (compound fusion)

    asad [a.sad] : bridge : Proto-Hick *hasa-wadu → asad : (compound fusion) : Note: From 'vine' + 'path', shows typical development of infrastructure terms from natural materials

    Military

    branlir [bran.lir] : watchtower : Proto-Hick *bran-lir → branlir : (compound fusion)

    Construction Terms

    arasud [a.ra.sud] : plank, cut timber : Proto-Hick *xarasa-wudu → arasud : (initial fricative loss, compound fusion) : Note: From *xaru "cut" + *asa (PERL) + *wudu "wood", literally "cut-through wood"

    'it [ʔit] : knot (in wood); falsehood : Proto-Hick *xitu → 'it : (initial fricative loss, final vowel loss) : Note: Primary meaning refers to natural knots in wood/lumber. Abstract meaning "falsehood" derives from concept of deviation in wood grain. See: Construction Terms, Abstract Concepts

    Vehicular Terms

    Basic Terms

    tre [tre] : wagon, cart : Proto-Hick *mataru → matre → tre : (final vowel loss) : Note: Back-formed from matre through reanalysis of ma- as plural prefix. See: Vehicle Terms

    matre [ma.tre] : caravan : Proto-Hick *mataru → matre : (compound fusion) : Note: Original form from *mataru, reanalyzed as plural compound leading to back-formation of tre. See: Vehicle Terms

    mater [ma.ter] : vessel, boat : Proto-Hick *mataru-heru → mater : (compound fusion) : Note: From "vehicle-action", specialized for water transport. From same root *mataru as tre/matre but with different development. See: Maritime Terms

    Derived Terms

    matre [ma.tre] : caravan : Proto-Hick *mataru → matre : (compound fusion) : Note: Original form from *mataru, reanalyzed as plural compound leading to back-formation of tre. See: Vehicle Terms

    Household Terms

    arasaditar [a.ra.sa.di.tar] : table : Proto-Hick *arasad-itar → arasaditar Note: From arasad "plank" + -itar (SUPE), literally "elevated plank" See also Construction Terms

    Climate & Weather

    Temperature Terms

    mir [mir] : cold, cooling : Proto-Hick *miru → mir : (final vowel loss) : See: Water Features, Time Terms

    miral [mi.ral] : cold water, winter pool : Proto-Hick *mir-mal → miral (lit. "cold-pool") : (liquid deletion) : See: Sacred Terms, Water Features

    thir [θir] : warm, warming : Proto-Hick *thiru → thir : (final vowel loss) : See: Colors, Sacred Terms

    thiral [θi.ral] : warm water, summer pool : Proto-Hick *thir-mal → thiral (lit. "warm-pool") (liquid deletion) : See: Water Features

    Wind Terms

    bres [bres] : wind, moving air : Proto-Hick *bresu → bres : (final vowel loss) : See: Maritime Terms

    Cardinal Winds

    torulbres [to.rul.bres] : north wind : Proto-Hick *tor-ul-bres → torulbres : (compound fusion) : Note: Literally "mountain's wind". Later replaced by eldalulbres in many regions after Eldrim contact. See: Landforms

    eldalulbres [el.da.lul.bres] : north wind : Proto-Hick *eldal-ul-bres → eldalulbres : (compound fusion) : Note: Emerged after Eldrim conflicts, eventually replacing torulbres in most dialects. Shows cultural trauma associated with northern winds.

    kethulbres [ke.θul.bres] : east wind : Proto-Hick *keth-ul-bres → kethulbres : (compound fusion) : Note: Common in eastern coastal regions. See: Maritime Terms

    thilulbres [θi.lul.bres] : south wind : Proto-Hick *thil-ul-bres → thilulbres : (compound fusion) : Note: Associated with favorable weather and good fortune. Shows semantic link between moral and natural forces.

    aitarulbres [ai.ta.rul.bres] : west wind : Proto-Hick *aitar-ul-bres → aitarulbres : (compound fusion) : Note: Primarily used in coastal regions, associated with rainfall patterns. Inland regions often used libres. See: Water Terms

    Regional Variations

    libres [li.bres] : gentle wind : Proto-Hick *li-bres → libres : (compound fusion) : Note: Used primarily inland for weakened western winds after mountain crossing. Shows regional variation in wind terminology.

    Seasonal Terms

    mirthral [mir.θral] : winter : Proto-Hick *mir-thral → mirthral (lit. "cold-day") : (compound fusion) : See: Time Terms

    thirthral [θir.θral] : summer : Proto-Hick *thir-thral → thirthral (lit. "warm-day") : (compound fusion) : See: Time Terms

    branthral [bran.θral] : spring : Proto-Hick *bran-thral → branthral (lit. "dawn-day") : (compound fusion) : See: Time Terms

    thurthral [θur.θral] : autumn : Proto-Hick *thur-thral → thurthral (lit. "dusk-day") : (compound fusion) : See: Time Terms

    thranal [θra.nal] : seasons : Proto-Hick *thran-thral → thranal : (liquid deletion) : Note: Shows cyclical time through metaphor of countless sacred days See: Time Terms, Sacred Terms

    Musical Terms

    Basic Terms

    takutak [ˈta.ku.tək] : rhythm : Proto-Hick *takutaku → takutak : (final vowel loss) : Note: Preserves onomatopoeic reduplication

    'irur [ʔi.rur] : repetition : Proto-Hick *heru-heru → 'irur : (compound reduction) : Note: Shows reduplication of root *heru "action"

    Instruments

    'irurtak [ʔi.rur.tak] : drum : Proto-Hick *'irur-tak → 'irurtak : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows cultural connection between hollow objects and percussion instruments

    Person Terms

    Basic Terms

    'al [ʔal] : person : Proto-Hick hi- animacy marker + Proth-Hick *ʔalu "person" → 'al (final vowel loss) See: Political Terms

    kir [kir] : body, physical form : Proto-Hick *kiru → kir : (final vowel loss) : See: Body Parts, Sacred Terms

    kiris [ki.ris] : outsider : Proto-Hick *kiru-ʔisu "body-out" → kiris : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows archaic directional suffix. See: Person Terms

    kiriter [ki.ri.ter] : foreigner, stranger : Inland Hick kir-iter "body-ELL" Note: Borrowed from inland dialects with productive ellative suffix -iter (vs coastal -imris). Contrasts with archaic kiris. See: Person Terms, Directional Terms

    gal [gal] : man : Proto-Hick garu + ʔalu → gar'el "hard-person" → gal

    wen'al [wen.ʔal] : woman : Proto-Hick wen-'al "flower person" → wen'al : (compound fusion)

    'eldal [ʔl.dal] : elf (individual) : Proto-Hick elda+'al "elf-person" → 'eldal : (compound reduction) Note: Borrowing from Sindarin eldrim with native person marker See: Person Terms, Sacred Terms

    'eldalok [ʔel.da.lok] : elven people : Proto-Hick 'eldal-ok "elf-AGENT" → 'eldalok : (agentive marking) Note: Collective form using agentive suffix to mark social group See: Person Terms, Sacred Terms

    ma'alok [ma.ʔa.lok] : community member : Proto-Hick ma'al-ok "community-AGENT" → ma'alok : (agentive suffix) Note: Shows productive use of agentive suffix with collective terms. Compare ma'al "community" and 'al "person". See: Person Terms, Political Terms

    vinok [vi.nok] : baby, infant : Proto-Hick vin-ok "pregnancy-AGENT" → vinok : (agentive suffix) Note: Shows semantic extension from agentive to resultative meaning. See: Person Terms, Kinship Terms

    imasamok [i.ma.sa.mok] : coward : Proto-Hick imasam-ok "cower-AGENT" → imasamok : (agentive suffix) Note: Literally "one who cowers". Shows productive use of agentive suffix with compound base. See: Person Terms

    toreldal [to.rel.dal] : High Elf : tor-eldal "AUG-elf" → toreldal : (compound fusion) : (final vowel loss)

    edel [e.del] : Wood Elf : Sindarin eðel + pre-Early Hick ʔal → edel : (dental fricative stopping, suffix integration)

    ithiril [i.θi.ril] : Dark Elf : Drow Ilythiiri + pre-Early Hick ʔal → ithiril : (initial syllable loss, vowel reduction, suffix integration)

    Spirit Terms

    imer [i.mer] : breath, soul : Proto-Hick *imeru → imer : (final vowel loss) : See: Sacred Terms

    imerlas [i.mer.las] : inspiration : Proto-Hick *imer-las → imerlas : (compound fusion)

    imerimris [i.me.rim.ris] : expression : Proto-Hick *imer-imris → imerimris : (compound fusion)

    Derived Terms

    ma'al [ma.ʔal] : community, tribe : Proto-Hick ma-'al "COLL-person" → ma'al : (compound fusion) : See: Political Terms Note: Collective term implying social/political unity rather than simple plurality

    vinlas [vin.las] : fetus, unborn child : Proto-Hick vin-las "pregnancy-ILL" → vinlas : (case lexicalization) : Note: Shows lexicalization of illative case marking location within. See: Person Terms, Body Terms 1

    Name & Identity Terms

    bar [bar] : name, mark of identity : Proto-Hick *baru → bar : (final vowel loss) : Note: Core term for personal and social identity

    barlas [ba.r.las] : personal name : Proto-Hick bar-las "name-ILL" → barlas : (case lexicalization) : Note: Used for intimate/personal names

    barimris [ba.rim.ris] : reputation, public name : Proto-Hick bar-imris "name-ELL" → barimris : (case lexicalization) : Note: Used for social standing and public identity

    bar'er [bar.ʔer] : to name, to call : Proto-Hick bar-'er "name-VERB" → bar'er : (verbalizer suffix) : Note: Basic verb for naming/calling

    Compound Terms

    thralbar [θral.bar] : sacred name : Proto-Hick thral-bar "sacred-name" → thralbar : (compound fusion) : Note: Used in ritual contexts

    barul [ba.rul] : name-keeper : Proto-Hick bar-ul "name-POSS" → barul : (possessive suffix) : Note: One who maintains genealogical records

    mobar [mo.bar] : unnamed, nameless : Proto-Hick mo-bar "NEG-name" → mobar : (negation prefix) : Note: Used for both literal namelessness and social outcasts

    Political Terms

    Basic Terms

    ma'al [ma.ʔal] : community, tribe : Proto-Hick ma-'al "COLL-person" → ma'al See: Person Terms

    ma'alok [ma.ʔa.lok] : community member : Proto-Hick ma'al-ok "community-AGENT" → ma'alok : (agentive suffix) Note: Shows productive use of agentive suffix with collective terms. Compare ma'al "community" and 'al "person". See: Person Terms, Political Terms

    im'irok [im.ʔi.rok] : enemy, adversary : Proto-Hick im'ir-ok "ill.intent-AGENT" → im'irok : (agentive suffix) Note: Shows productive use of agentive suffix with abstract concepts. See: Person Terms, Sacred Terms

    Communication Terms

    paket [pa.ket] : talk : Proto-Hick *pakata → paket : (final vowel loss, vowel reduction) : Note: Forms verb paket'er "to speak, to talk" See: Social Terms

    Social Terms

    Basic Terms

    paket [pa.ket] : talk : Proto-Hick *pakata → paket : (final vowel loss, vowel reduction) : Note: Forms verb paket'er "to speak, to talk" See: Communication Terms

    ma'alok [ma.ʔa.lok] : community member : Proto-Hick ma'al-ok "community-AGENT" → ma'alok : (agentive suffix) Note: Shows productive use of agentive suffix with collective terms. Compare ma'al "community" and 'al "person". See: Person Terms, Political Terms

    natlas [nat.las] : friend : Proto-Hick gnater-las "desire-ILL" → natlas : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows cluster simplification and case lexicalization. From "one in a state of desire/affection" to "friend". Compare grammaticalized desiderative -nat. See: Social Terms, Case System

    Love Terms

    sibris [si.bris] : romantic love : Proto-Hick *silu-hibrisu → sibris (compound fusion) Note: From "skin-fire", metaphorical extension to passionate but potentially fleeting emotion. Contrasts with meris "enduring love". See: Abstract Concepts

    meris [me.ris] : unconditional love : Proto-Hick *meru-risu → meris : (compound fusion) Note: From "heart-towards", metaphorical extension to deep, lasting emotional bond. Shows archaic lative case usage. See: Abstract Concepts, Case System

    dakisa [da.ki.sa] : infatuation : Proto-Hick *daluku-isa-hihasa → dakisa : (liquid deletion) (compound reduction) Note: Literally "snake in the gut"; metaphorical extension for intense desire See: Body Parts, Sacred Terms

    Exchanges

    'iruretil [ʔi.ru.re.til] : gift : Proto-Hick 'irur-etil "hollow-thing" → 'iruretil : (compound fusion) Note: Shows cultural link between containers and proper gifts. Always inanimate. See: Material Culture

    'irursibris [ʔi.rur.sib.ris] : ceremonial gift, dowry : Proto-Hick 'irur-sibris "hollow-love" → 'irursibris : (compound fusion) Note: Used for significant life events and marriage gifts. Shows cultural formalization of gift-giving. See: Sacred Terms

    Conflict Terms

    Basic Terms

    imwes [im.wes] : invade, encroach upon : Proto-Hick *im-wes → imwes : (compound fusion) Note: Shows productive use of im- prefix for harmful actions. Forms verb imwes'er. See: Action Terms, Conflict Terms

    Kinship Terms

    Basic Terms

    ba [ba] : father : Proto-Hick *bahu → ba : (vowel coalescence)

    nai [nai] : mother : Proto-Hick *nahi → nai : (vowel coalescence)

    mer [mer] : parent : Proto-Hick *meru → mer : (final vowel loss) See: Bird Terms, Sacred Terms, Animals Note: Metaphorical extension from bird terminology reflecting cultural values

    thir [θir] : elder : Proto-Hick *thiru → thir (metaphorical extension from "air/white")

    lis [lis] : child : Proto-Hick *li-su → lis (lit. "little one") : (final vowel loss) Note: Semantic d\lopment parallels diminutive formations (see lines 627-630) See: Kinship Terms, Diminutive Formation

    Compound Terms

    merlis [mer.lis] : offspring : Proto-Hick mer-lis "parent-child" → merlis : (compound fusion)

    bran [bran] : lineage, family branch : Proto-Hick *bahu lu-haranu → bran : (lit. "split from father") : (compound fusion) (liquid deletion) Note: Same term used for tree branch; see Flora Terms

    thirmer [θir.mer] : grandparent : Proto-Hick thir-mer "elder-parent" → thirmer : (compound fusion)

    thirlis [θir.lis] : grandchild : Proto-Hick thir-lis "elder-child" → thirlis : (compound fusion)

    tormer [tor.mer] : ancestor : Proto-Hick tor-mer "great-parent" → tormer : (compound fusion)

    limer [li.mer] : younger parent/aunt/uncle : Proto-Hick li-mer "small-parent" → limer : (compound fusion)

    thirba [θir.ba] : grandfather : Proto-Hick thir-ba "elder-father" → thirba : (compound fusion)

    thirnai [θir.nai] : grandmother : Proto-Hick thir-nai "elder-mother" → thirnai : (compound fusion)

    torba [tor.ba] : ancestor (paternal) : Proto-Hick tor-ba "great-father" → torba : (compound fusion)

    tornai [tor.nai] : ancestor (maternal) : Proto-Hick tor-nai "great-mother" → tornai : (compound fusion)

    liba [li.ba] : uncle (paternal) : Proto-Hick li-ba "lesser-father" → liba : (compound fusion)

    linai [li.nai] : aunt (maternal) : Proto-Hick li-nai "lesser-mother" → linai : (compound fusion)

    vinok [vi.nok] : baby, infant : Proto-Hick vin-ok "pregnancy-AGENT" → vinok : (agentive suffix) Note: Shows semantic extension from agentive to resultative meaning. See: Person Terms, Kinship Terms

    kethbran [keθ.bran] : kin, extended family : Proto-Hick keth-bran "hundred-lineage" → kethbran : (compound fusion) Note: Shows metaphorical extension of "hundred lineages" to mean extended family/kin. See: Family Terms, Social Terms

    Usage Examples

    merlis-el thirmer-es thren-ʔer
    offspring-ERG grandparent-ABS watch-ACT
    "The offspring watches the grandparent"

    Number System

    Basic Numbers

    sin [sin] : one : Proto-Hick *su-inu → sin (counting form) : (final vowel loss)

    tir [tir] : two : Proto-Hick *tiru → tir (basic form) : (final vowel loss)

    thal [θal] : three : Proto-Hick *thalu → thal (basic form) : (final vowel loss)

    fen [fen] : four : Proto-Hick *fen-inu → fen (counting form) : (final vowel loss)

    pil [pil] : five : Proto-Hick *pilu → pil (basic form) : (final vowel loss)

    sek [sek] : six : Proto-Hick *seku → sek (basic form) : (final vowel loss)

    pran [pran] : seven : Proto-Hick *pran-inu → pran (counting form) : (final vowel loss)

    kres [kres] : eight : Proto-Hick *kresu → kres (basic form) : (final vowel loss)

    sinkres [sin.kres] : nine : Proto-Hick sin-kres "one-eight" → sinkres : (compound fusion)

    tirkres [tir.kres] : ten : Proto-Hick tir-kres "two-eight" → tirkres : (compound fusion)

    keth [keθ] : hundred : Proto-Hick *kethu → keth : (final vowel loss)

    thran [θran] : thousand : Proto-Hick *thran-inu → thran (counting form) : (final vowel loss)

    Derived Number Terms

    makres [ma.kres] : many : ma-kres "PL-eight" → makres : (compound fusion)

    masin [ma.sin] : everyone : ma-sin "PL-one" → masin : (compound fusion)

    mathal [ma.θal] : group (of people) : ma-thal "PL-three" → mathal : (compound fusion)

    haran [ha.ran] : divide (numbers) : Proto-Hick *haranu → haran : (final vowel loss)

    -eth [-eθ] : inanimate ordinal suffix : Proto-Hick *-ethu → -eth : (final vowel loss)

    imurai [i.mu.rai] : stinky : Proto-Hick *imur-ai → imurai : (compound fusion) Note: Describes an unpleasant smell, metaphorically derived from the concept of bad air.

    Negative Terms

    im [im] : evil, abstract negativity : Proto-Hick *ʔimru → im : (liquid deletion)

    'imur [ʔi.mur] : evil force : Proto-Hick *hi-muru → 'imur : (animacy prefix) : (final vowel loss)

    imurmal [i.mur.mal] : evil pool, cursed waters; swamp : imur-mal → imurmal : (compound fusion)

    imurtor [i.mur.tor] : evil peak, forbidden mountain : imur-tor → imurtor : (compound fusion)

    imurwad [i.mur.wad] : evil path, dangerous route : imur-wad → imurwad : (compound fusion)

    imurthral [i.mur.θral] : cursed day/time : imur-thral → imurthral : (compound fusion) : Note: Maintains second element due to sacred term : See: Time Terms

    imurai [i.mu.rai] : stinky : imur-ai "bad-air" → imurai : (compound fusion) : Note: Describes an unpleasant smell, metaphorically derived from the concept of bad air

    Tactile Properties

    Basic Terms

    kagar [ka.gar] : hard : ka-gar "stone-like" → kagar : (compound fusion) : Note: From metaphorical extension of stone : See: Material Terms

    kawak [ka.wak] : soft : ka-wak "breast-like" → kawak : (compound fusion) : Note: Shows cultural association between softness and nurturing : See: Body Parts

    bris [bris] : heat : Proto-Hick *brisu → bris : (final vowel loss) : See: Elements

    mir [mir] : cold : Proto-Hick *miru → mir : (final vowel loss) : See: Water Features

    Place Names

    'eldegral [ʔel.də.gral] : Feywild : 'eldal "elf" + -gral "earth" → 'eldegral : (compound reduction) : Note: Shows vowel reduction in middle syllable and sacred earth metaphor : See: Sacred Terms, Landforms

    Demonstratives

    'is [ʔis] : this (animate) : Proto-Hick *'isa → 'is : (final vowel loss)

    is [is] : this (inanimate) : Proto-Hick *isa → is : (final vowel loss)

    tan [tan] : that (animate) : Proto-Hick *tana → tan : (final vowel loss)

    en [en] : that (inanimate) : Proto-Hick *ena → en : (final vowel loss)

    Examples

    tal-en [ˈta.len] : that place : tal-en "place-that" → talen : (compound fusion)

    mal-en [ˈma.len] : that pool : mal-en "pool-that" → malen : (compound fusion)

    Derivational Patterns

    Augmentative/Diminutive

    tor- [tor] : augmentative prefix "great" : Proto-Hick *toru → tor : (final vowel loss)

    Examples

    tornes [ˈtor.nes] : whale : tor-nes "great-fish" → tornes : (compound fusion)

    tomal [ˈto.məl] : lake : tor-mal "great-pool" → tomal : (liquid deletion) : Note: Shows liquid deletion and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables

    li- [li] : diminutive prefix "small" : Proto-Hick *lisu → li : (final vowel loss)

    Examples

    limal [ˈli.məl] : pond : li-mal "small-pool" → limal : (compound fusion)

    limur [ˈli.mur] : small owl : li-mur "small-owl" → limur : (compound fusion) : Note: Triggers reduction in following syllables

    Adjectival Suffix

    ka- [ka] : similative prefix "like, having quality of" : Proto-Hick *kasa → ka : (final vowel loss) : Note: Developing from similarity marker to general adjectivizer

    Examples

    kasul [ka.sul] : energetic : ka-sul "liver-like" → kasul : (compound fusion)

    kames [ka.mes] : emotional : ka-mes "heart-like" → kames : (compound fusion)

    kamar [ka.mar] : red, ruddy : ka-mar "blood-like" → kamar : (compound fusion)

    kagral [ka.gral] : earthy : ka-gral "earth-like" → kagral : (compound fusion)

    kalis [ka.lis] : clear, obvious : ka-lis "eye-like" → kalis : (compound fusion)

    Agentive Suffix

    -ok [-ok] : agent :Proto-Hick *oku → ok

    Common Phrases & Expressions

    Greetings & Well-Wishes

    'al-el 'ilitar venuiter-es : congratulations on your birth/happy birthday : lit. "person-ERG good-upon birth-ABS" : Note: Formal congratulatory expression using superessive case : See: Case System

    'imeritares [ʔi.me.ri.ta.res] ~ imeritares [i.me.ri.ta.res] ~ imritares [im.ri.ta.res] : welcome; raised spirits : 'imer "life" + -itar (SUPE) + -es (ABS) → ('i)meritares : (case lexicalization) : Note: Formal greeting. Dialectal loss of initial glottal stop allows semantic extension from "upon life" to "raised breath/soul" through reanalysis with imer "breath/soul" + superessive -itar. Common usage leads to simplified form imritares : See: Spirit Terms, Common Phrases

    'ilitar sarespes [ʔi.li.tar sa.res.pes] : Happy New Year : lit. "goodness upon the sprout" : Note: Traditional New Year greeting exchanged on sinthir sarespul thrales. Shows cultural link between agricultural cycles and well-wishing. The formal construction with superessive -itar reflects the blessing's ritual nature : See: Time Terms, Sacred Terms, Common Phrases

    Cultural Practices

    'irurlises duwesimris [ʔi.rur.lis.es du.we.sim.ris] : gift-giving : 'irur-lis-es duwes-imris "hollow-fruit-ABS feed-ELL" → 'irurlises duwesimris : Note: Cultural practice of giving filled gourds as gifts during harvest festivals, metaphorically described as "feeding the gourd"

    sinthir sarespul thrales [ˈsin.θir sa.ˈres.pul ˈθra.les] : New Year's Day; first day of spring : lit. "first sprout's day" : Note: Marks the agricultural new year when the first sprout emerges. Shows the cultural significance of plant growth cycles in Early Hick timekeeping. The use of animate ordinal (-thir) reflects the personification of the first sprout as an active participant in the yearly cycle : See: Time Terms, Sacred Terms, Flora & Agriculture

    Sound Changes in Compounds

    Liquid Deletion

    tor-mal → tomal "lake" thral-gral → thragral "sacred earth" See: Late Hick Sound Changes

    Nasal Deletion

    bram-mal → bramal "tidal pool" bran-kel → brakel "morning sky" See: Sound Changes in Compounds

    Compound Simplification

    tor-mur-mer → tomur "great owl" thur-mur-mer → thurmur "dusk owl" li-mur-mer → limur "small owl" See: Compound Simplification

    Cross-Reference Index

    Example Sentences

    1. ai-es ter-ʔer
      water-ABS flow-ACT
      "Water flows"

    2. mal-thir-el ai-es ward-ter
      pool-KNOWN.ANIM-ERG water-ABS contain-to
      "The known pool contains water"

    3. tor-thir-es thral-ʔer
      peak-KNOWN.ANIM-ABS sacred-ACT
      "The known peak is sacred"

    4. materok-el kethmater-im-ris keth-es ward-ter
      boatman-ERG sea.vessel-PROX-ELL sea-ABS direct-to
      "The boatman takes the sea vessel to the ocean"

    5. murmer-is-el sak-es thren-ʔer
      owl-PROX.ANIM-ERG wolf-ABS watch-ACT
      "This owl watches the wolf"